The Civil Rights Movement Of North Carolina Essay - 967 Words

â€Å"By the summer of 1964,† David Cunningham writes in â€Å"Klansville, U.S.A.,† â€Å"the Carolina Klan established a demanding schedule of nightly rallies across the state, where they enlisted thousands of dues-paying members.† More than that, â€Å"at its mid-1960s peak the Klan’s presence in North Carolina eclipsed klan membership in all other southern states combined.† (Cunningham most likely put â€Å"klan† in lowercase because of the groups’ disorganization.) North Carolina should have been the state where the KKK thrived most during the mid-1960s — Cunningham reports that in mid-1966 it had 192 Klaverns, (branches of the Ku Klux Klan), and 52.2 percent of the total Klan membership in the 10 states of the South — was a mystery to many and a source of considerable dismay to the state’s leadership, which prided itself on its nonviolent response to the challenges posed by the civil rights movement. The state had been described by V.O. Key, in his immensely influential (if now somewhat dated) â€Å"Southern Politics in State and Nation† (1949), as â€Å"energetic and ambitious† with â€Å"a reputation for progressive outlook and action in many phases of life, especially industrial development, education, and race relations,† a judgment that had been confirmed by the election in 1960 of a notably capable and progressive governor, Terry Sanford. North Carolina has always been a much more complicated place than its publicists have claimed. If Raleigh, Greensboro, Winston-Salem and CharlotteShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Movement : North Carolina1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement in North Carolina North Carolina, like all southern states, experienced a civil rights movement after the Civil War. This movement would last for over 100 years until 1965 with the signing of the Civil Rights Act. While the term â€Å"civil rights movement† focuses on ending segregation and discrimination towards African Americans, there were other important freedoms and rights fought for in North Carolina. In addition to race; gender equality and voting rights, as well as,Read More The Civil Rights Movement (1955- 1965) Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pages Civil Rights Movement in the United States, was a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African Americans and to achieve racial equality. The civil rights movement was a challenge to segregation, the system of laws and customs separating blacks and whites. During the civil rights movement, individuals and organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregationRead MoreThe Strike Of Foodservice Workers At Unc Chapel Hill1587 Words   |  7 Pageslevel of civil rights on college campuses in the south during the civil rights movement. The efforts of the women and Black Student Movement to fight for fair pay, We will also look at the impact this labor dispute had for not only the college campus but also the entire state of North Carolina and the nation at large. Not only geographically, we will also examine the effect this foodservice strike has had on the fast food industry presently and labor relations for the â€Å"Fight for 15† movement. TheRead MoreThe Civil War On American History1206 Words   |  5 Pages country divided, the Civil War left a huge impact in history as it helped form what our nation is today. An inevitable conflict that was due in time to transform into a war, the Civil War was influenced by societal interests, economic changes along with political disagreements. Together, these influences sparked a nation into a great divide that ended in what is known as the deadliest war in American history. Just In the aftermath of the industrial revolution, the Civil War was ignited due to economicRead MoreTimothy B. Tyson s Radio Free Dixie : Robert F Williams And The Roots Of Black Power1300 Words   |  6 PagesTimothy B. Tyson is a teacher, historian, research scholar, and an award-winning author. Tyson was born in North Carolina in 1959 and was raised there his whole life. In 1987, Tyson earned a B.A. at Emory University and then his Ph. D in history at Duke University in 1994. He also became an assistant professor of Afro-American Studies at the University of Wisconsin -Madison the same year he received his Ph.D., and later became a full-time professor. Tyson currently stays in Madison, Wisconsin withRead MoreSectional issues leading up to the Civil War, how the North South and West felt about states rights, tariffs, western land policy, mexican war, secession and how all these linked back to slavery.1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil war was the most momentous and crucial pe riod of time in the history of America. Not only did this war bring an end to slavery but also paved way for numerous social and political changes. The country had already been torn by the negative trend in race relations and the numerous cases of slave uprisings were taking their toll on the country s political and social structure. The country was predominately divided up into 3 sections, the North, the South, and the West. Each of these groupsRead MoreThe North Carolina At Chapel Hill Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesattack from civil rights activists lately. Silent Sam has stood on the University of North Carolina’s main campus in Chapel Hill for over 100 years. In that time there have only been a few times in which Sam has been the object of criticism. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is one of the most prestigious and well-known educational institutions in the United States. Students from all over the country as well as all over the world come to the University of North Carolina for furtheringRead MoreSports And Education : Paving The Way For A New American Life995 Words   |  4 PagesLife in North Carolina With the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, the â€Å"New South† as the native folks of North Carolina began referring their state by, sought a new way of American lifestyle through the rapid growth and popularity of organized sports. A nation controlled by ideals of the racist white male suppressed the ability of women, the poor, and African Americans to create a prosperous life for themselves. Pamela Grundy is able to beautifully illustrate the lifestyle of North Carolina citizensRead MoreHis/125 Radical Reconstruction and the Populist Movement778 Words   |  4 Pagesto recreate the southern general cultural beliefs so it was more like the beliefs of the north. Sadly there was constant fighting and many changes made within the federal government, it would not permit the reconstruction to be become as successful as they (the radicals) had wanted it. Some of the ex-Confederates were afraid if the government implemented the new laws passed, the lives they had before the Civ il War would not be the same. Some were afraid with the black slaves becoming freed slaves;Read MoreGlenda Elizabeth Gilmore’s book Defying Dixie: The Radical Roots of Civil Rights, 1919-1950 shows600 Words   |  3 PagesDixie: The Radical Roots of Civil Rights, 1919-1950 shows the Civil Rights movement in the same light as those writers like Jacquelyn Dowd Hall who believed in â€Å"The Long Movement.† Gilmore sets out to prove that much more time and aspects went into the Civil Rights Era and that it did not just start at the time of Brown v. Board of Education and the civil rights acts of the nineteen sixties. The book adhered to the ideology of â€Å"The Long movement† aspects of the civil rights era during its earlier times

Analysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel - 1017 Words

In the book Night by Elie Wiesel it says â€Å"human suffering anywhere concerns men and women everywhere.† This shows that the world’s problems are everyone’s problems. Everyone has their own responsibilities and when war occurs people tend to take on more responsibility than ever before. The United States is a prime example of making the world’s problems their own. When problems arise people step up and take responsibility. Like in the quote from Elie Wiesel, human suffering really is everyone’s problem. In war and times of conflict, America has intervened because they believe that it is their problem to try and solve. This is evident through speeches in World War I, propaganda in World War II, letters during Vietnam, biographies concerning the Soviet War in Afghanistan, and speeches from the War on Terror. Franz Ferdinand’s assassination is what many people believed sparked World War I. The United States joined World War I in 1917 as an ally (fix this eventually!!!) Woodrow Wilson outlined America’s goals for the war in his Fourteen Point Speech. In this speech Wilson mentions the United States being â€Å"privileged to assist the people of Russia to attain their utmost hope of liberty and ordered peace.† By responding this way the United States has taken on the responsibility of helping the Russian people from (Whatever they need help from). Wilson said, â€Å"We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own peopleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel945 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesel was born in 1928. In his book, Night, which was published in 1955, Wiesel depicts his personal journey through the German concentration camps by the use of his character Eliezer (Sparknot es). At the age of 15, he lives with his family in Sighet, Transylvania (Biography). His father Shlomo is very involved with the community there. Eliezer is deeply engaged in religious studies, being taught by Moshe, an older man in his community who is considered a lunatic by many (Sparknotes). InRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1778 Words   |  8 Pagesthemselves this question, whether they have fully grasped their personality or not, and during that difficult time, even the things you thought you knew about yourself are challenged. In the memoir, Night, the author Elie Wiesel, presents the story of his own time in Auschwitz during the German Holocaust. Elie, being Jewish, was deported into concentration camps in Hitler’s final solution. He underwent such things as witnessing death for the first time, extreme exhaustion, inhumane treatment, and seeingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel794 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Night In the book Night by Elie Wiesel there are many instances where his use of imagery helps establish tone and purpose. For example Elie Wiesel used fire (sight) to represent just that. The fire helps prove that the tone is serious and mature. In no way did Wiesel try to lighten up the story about the concentration camps or the Nazis. His use of fire also helps show his purpose. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, that turned my life into one long night seven timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1367 Words   |  6 PagesNight is the detailed account of Elie Wiesel’s experiences as a Jew in Germany during the Holocaust. Night is considered a memoir, however, Wiesel uses fictional characters to tell his story. Eliezer acts as Wiesel’s author surrogate, a fictional character based on the author, and narrates the story. Over the course of the text Wiesel exposes the full face of the dehumanization perpetrated against the Jewis h people. Through persuasive oration, Hitler was able to manipulate the Germans and justifyRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel : Book Analysis708 Words   |  3 Pagesto continue. Majority of people stopped eating, gave up their religious faiths and hope, welcoming the darkness to embrace them. Surviving was a constant struggle for these people and the only way to overcome it was the acceptance of death. Night, by Elie Wiesel, is a memoir of the authors firsthand experience in the holocaust from his perspective as a teenage boy. The author includes concerns that individuals have, but never spoken aloud of, such as a home, family relations, and the effect this experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel907 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Night written by Elie Wiesel was mainly about how a young boy had to suffer the traumatic experience of existence and fatality at Nazis concentration camps. In the book, Elie Wiesel was the character â€Å"Eliezer Wiesel†. Eliezer was a young boy at the age of fourteen who lived in Sighet, Transylvania. During the lead of World War II, Eliezer was an extremely earnest young boy who desired to examine and practice Jewish theology. He also occasionally spent a great deal of time and passionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1216 Words   |  5 Pageswhen I first saw the book. The images that they title brought to my mind is someplace where there is no light, no happiness.When you think of night you clearly think of physical darkness but I think night symbolizes a place without God’s presence, somewhere where there s no hope. The emotions that this title brought to my mind is sadness. Sadness because once you are in the dark there is nothing y ou can do but wait. Wait on your destiny. The impression that the picture on the book gave me was very vagueRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead More Dawn by Elie Wiesel Essay716 Words   |  3 PagesDawn by Elie Wiesel In this report you will see the comparisons between the novel Dawn and the life of Elie Wiesel, its author. The comparisons are very visible once you learn about Elie Wiesel’s life. Elie Wiesel was born on September28,1928 in the town of Hungary. Wiesel went through a lot of hard times as a youngster. In 1944, Wiesel was deported by the nazis and taken to the concentration camps. His family was sent to the town of Auschwitz. The father, mother, and sister of Wiesel died inRead MoreNight Trilogy By Elie Wiesel1075 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 2 Period 14 10 June 2015 Night Trilogy Criticism Elie Wiesel’s Night Trilogy is comprised of an autobiography about Wiesel’s experience during the Holocaust and the horrific struggle he faced while in concentration camps, and two other stories depicting the rise of Israel and an accident. The acclaimed Holocaust writer is most well-known for Night due to its effect across the globe. Dawn and Day are not autobiographies, yet they have lingering presences of Wiesel in the main characters and narrators

Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing free essay sample

Key health issues during the American Revolution, there were high rates of smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, typhus, tuberculosis, malaria and infant mortality. Community and public health’s major goal was Improving sanitation among all areas in all communities. The AMA developed a committee to take surveys on sanitation and taking vital statistics. A few years later the Shattuck report would be published, and state and local health departments would be established from that. During this time, the role of community and public health services included â€Å"monitoring water quality, constructing sewers and a waterfront wall, draining marshes, planting trees and vegetables, and burying the dead† (Stanley Lancaster, 2012,p. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 24). There were several local community and public health foundations during this time. The Ladies’ Benevolent Society of Charleston, South Carolina, provided charitable assistance to the needy, while in â€Å"Cincinnati, Ohio, the Roman Catholic Sisters of Charity began a visiting nurse service†( Stanley Lancaster, 2012,p. 24) Florence Nigthengale  Key health issues at the time were typhus, cholera, yellow fever, and wounded soldiers from the Crimean war. Perspectives and goals of community and public health nursing were that all nurses were trained using a nursing education model. This would improve care, and patient outcomes. Nurse’s goals were focused on disease prevention and health promotion rather than just treating the sick. Visiting nursing associations were established. Public health emphasized on meeting urban health care needs and caring for the needy (Stanley Lancaster, 2012, p.25). A few groups of Roman Catholic  and protestant women cared for the needy and visiting nursing services began to be established, caring for the ill and the needy. 1950’s As the population lived longer, advances were made in medicine, vaccinations, education, and nursing, more patients suffered with heart disease, cancer, and cerebral vascular disease (Stanley Lancaster, 2012,p.33). The goals of community and public health nurses were treating and preventing chronic diseases and to address areas of psychological issues such as stress and anxiety. Roles and functions of community and public health nursing was in home health agencies, screening communities for chronic illness, providing communities with vaccinations. Community and public health partnerships at the time were the home health agencies and insurance programs.

Predestination is the idea in that a higher power Essays

Predestination is the idea in that a higher power is controlling a person's outcome. By following this definition, a person is saying he or she has no control over their life. Free will is the idea that people can control their own destiny. People's choices and not a higher power control a person's life. The idea of free will is a major theme in th e plays of Oedipus the King. In it the authors use Oedipus to show that people cannot run away from their destiny. The beginning of the play starts with a prophecy. The prophecy is a very important because it is part of the idea of predestination. The events are already set in place and are going to happen whether people believe in them or not. The king at the time, King Laius, really wants a son so he goes to the Oracle of Apollo. The oracle tells Laius that if he has a son then his son will kill his father and marry his mother. The king has a son and sends the boy off. His son is saved by a shepherd and adopted by the king and queen of Corinth. Laius son, now named Oedipus, finds out he is adopted , he goes to the same oracle that his father Laius went too. She does not think it is appropriate to tell him who his real parents are, but she does tell him the prophecy. When Oedipus learns of his prophecy, he immedia tely leaves and heads for Thebes thinking he could escape his destiny and also because he thinks the prophecy is about his adoptive parents and not his real pare nts whom he does not even know . Oedipus thinks it is his "free will" allowing to leave Corinth and he would not fulfil the prophecy, but by leaving Corinth Oedipus actually starts going down the path to his destiny. While he is travelling he gets into a fight with a caravan and unknowingly kills his father, Laius. He then heads to Thebes where he wins the throne by successfully answering the riddle from the Sphinx. Oedipus has now fulfilled the prophecy. He kills his father in the fight and then marries the queen of Thebes who is his mother. When Oedipus finds out he is his father's killer, he blinds himself as punishment. Sophocles is showing his strong belief in predestination by using Oedipus. When the play first starts, it starts with a prophecy. The prophecy is important because it is fate, the prophecy will happen no matter what. The oracle is always right, but people failed to actually believe what would happen even when the clues were there. Oedipus knowledge of his fate was the catalyst for him to fulfil his destiny. If Oedipus does not go asking for his adoptive parents, then he would not have left Corinth. The reader could also say that if Oedipus would not have been adopted then he would have known the identity of his real parents so he would not have fulfilled the prophecy, but by Sophocles making Laius abandon Oedipus as a baby to die Sophocles is showing how people cannot run from their destiny. The events were set before Oedipus were a baby that would ultimately lead him down the path.

The different perspectives of sex Work

Genetically Modified Food Essay

Genetically Modified Food Essay What does a tomato, soybean, and McDonald’s French fry have in common? They are all some of the most commonly genetically modified foods sold on the market today. By using the genetic information from one organism, and inserting or modifying it into another organism, scientists can make food crops stay fresher, grow bigger, and have the crops create their own pesticides. Nevertheless, the technology to modify genes has surpassed its practicality. Genetically modified foods need to be removed from everyday agriculture because of the threat they pose to human health, the environment, and the impact on global economy. Genetically modified (GM) foods could produce new toxic substances, and/or allergens. A gene from the Brazil nut was inserted into the DNA of a soybean plant to increase the nutritional value of the soybean. However, this particular gene in the GM soybean also produced an allergen (a substance that causes allergic reactions in people). Fortunately, the plant was not put into production (McHughen 119). Another example is of a GM tomato called â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. The tomato is larger, tastier, and stays fresher longer than commercial tomatoes on the market. Combining conventional tomato genes with the genes of an arctic trout produces the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR†. Nevertheless, questions such as â€Å"Will people with sea food allergies be able to consume the tomato?† and â€Å"Will the trout genes in the tomato enable new bacteria growth, and thereby make the tomato hazardous to eat?† have still not been answered. This causes the â€Å"FLAVR SAVR† to be a po tential hazard to human health (McHughen 14, 112). Since technology is new with regards to genetics, there is no real way of knowing whether genetically modified foods would take a negative impact on the body. An incident that occurred in 1989 concerning the nutritional supplement L- Tryptophan is one way of testing the long-term effects of a GM food (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). The manufacturer had apparently altered its manufacturing process to speed up production, and had not realized the toxic side effects. However, it caused a potentially fatal illness called Eosinophilia Myolgia Syndrome in which 37 people died and 1500 more were permanently disabled (Background on L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy L-tryptophan and the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome, U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Therefore, it was taken off the market shortly after the reports of widespread illness among consumer s of the supplement. Another two examples of diseases that have been created by GM crops are glufosinate (Hart 21), which causes birth defects in mammals, and glyphosate (Hart 88), which is now linked to non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Therefore, it is evident that the general public is the guinea pig for GM food, and today’s drugs may not be able to combat the diseases that may arise from eating the food. Superbugs are created when genes transfer from one species to another, and if an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant gene were to transfer from an organism into a disease creating bacteria, then an antibiotic-resistant or pesticide-resistant bug would be created (Miller 83). This applies to bacteria and viruses that are symbiotically related. Gene modification is indirectly making life resistant to diseases, and these bacteria and viruses will adapt to the new form of life and create new disorders. Furthermore, GM crops may make the â€Å"normal† biological pest spray obsolete. This is because pests will soon develop resistance to the spray because of the widespread planting of GM crops. Nevertheless, superbug pesticides have not yet been manufactured, nor have superbug antibiotics been created (Miller 92). Consequently, the health risks for humans through superbug infections or by eating GM food is very serious, and the consequences that may come about have the potent ial to be life threatening. Genetic engineering of food crops has the potential to affect the biodiversity of a region in effectively two ways. First, wild populations of weed may be replaced by GM crop/weed, due to the GM crop spreading outside the crop field and interacting with natural weed and slowly becoming GM weed. Since GM crops are produced to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, there is the possibility that they could invade wild grasslands and other places and prosper because of these special characteristics. If this happened, the native grasses would be unable to compete and biodiversity would be lost in these regions. Also, many genetically engineered crops contain anti-viral genes and there is the potential that these genes could combine to form new and dangerous strains of viruses, which could destroy specific crops. Although, to date, there is no direct evidence of these occurring naturally, the potential is clearly increasing (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What is happening to Agricultural Biodiversity?). The second way in which the biodiversity of a region is potentially affected is by the decreasing crop varieties that are being planted. This is a problem already existing in agriculture today, and results in a loss of genetic variety within crop cultures. Farmers being forced to use only patented seeds are an example of a potential decrease in biodiversity. If traditional seed varieties are used, farmers will be at a financial disadvantage due to better tasting, better looking crops produced by farmers using GM seeds. In the U.S., and some other countries, laws have been passed and are currently in effect stating that the use of non-patented seeds is prohibited. This will restrict the crops to a few species, leaving them more at risk to new pests that may form (UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. What are the underlying causes of the Losses of Agricultural Biodiversity?). The European community is by far the most anti-GM, so to speak, when it comes to the retail of GM food in their supermarkets (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Consumer attitudes and decision-making with regard to genetically modified food products). Regulations are being imposed on the European Parliament, individual European nations, and some stores themselves have all imposed restrictions on GM foods. Manufacturers must label all foods that might have genetically altered ingredients. This includes food with genetically manufactured organisms, food with an intentionally modified molecular structure, and food that has been isolated for microorganisms, fungi, and algae. Furthermore, the genetically altered food must not mislead the consumer, present any danger to the consumer, or differ from the food that it is intended to replace so that the altered food is a nutritional disadvantage to the consumer (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, Development of meth ods to identify foods produced by means of genetic engineering). This legislation has now created trade barriers for food coming into Europe some imported food is genetically modified and creates a risk to the people’s health and safety. Nevertheless, because some supermarkets in Europe have decided to be non-GM only, this has created a competitive disadvantage for the â€Å"half†-GM supermarkets. This response to consumer pressure is also having an effect on some companies or countries that cannot meet the legislative needs, and are obliged to lose markets and/or market shares (Tackling Food Safety Concerns over GMO’s, European network safety assessment of genetically modified food crops). If the world finally agrees to the consumption of GM food, European countries will be the last to â€Å"give-in† to the more lenient regulations. If one is to ask a North American if the product he or she is eating contains GM food, he or she will most likely show a blank stare. This is because regulation of GM food in North America is relatively relaxed when compared to Europe (Borger, second paragraph). Since the manufacturer is not required to label their products, the consumer is oblivious to buying GM food at the supermarket. Agriculture and technology are both being heavily invested in the United States. Profit is an important driving force for the developed world, and agricultural exports make up a large portion of exports from the United States (Borger, third paragraph). Since the demand for food is always increasing, the demand to produce more food at a faster rate requires the need for better biotechnology to be put into practice. And because of the lax laws in effect for the United States, and Canada, North Americans are â€Å"in the dark† with regards to what they are eating during their meals. North America ns are not educated about the risks of GM food, nor are they aware of where to find information regarding how much GM food is in their groceries (Borger, 12th paragraph). This poses a serious threat to the potential health of North Americans, as they are nothing but â€Å"lab rats† waiting for their first abnormal â€Å"twitch†. Human health can be seen as the greatest factor when considering the manufacturing of GM food. This is because of the few diseases and viruses that have been discovered which formed through the use of GM food. Also, the potential for new diseases and/or viruses through the use of GM food is increasing, and people are not aware of the risks. Antibiotics or pesticides have not yet been created to combat the superbug, and this is a concern for humans, as it will infect people, and crops altogether. There is a potential for the biodiversity to decrease because of gene transfers from one species to another, creating more powerful crops, which may take over the natural populations of weeds and grasslands. An additional way for the biodiversity to decrease is by farmers planting only a single variety of crop, thus wiping out the varied species needed to keep the diversity within crop fields. Europeans are the most aware of GM food, and are taking the necessary precautions and legislative ac tions to protect themselves against the use of GM food. However, North Americans are the least aware of GM food, and their government has not yet educated their citizens on the risks of GM food. There are too many risks involved in the use of GM food, and its removal from the agricultural and biotechnological industries will benefit human health, the environment, and global economy.

South African Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

South African Economy - Essay Example 4Governor Tito Mboweni signaled repeatedly in the past month that lending rates were set to rise again as underlying inflation become "more generalized", while stricter lending rules had so far failed to dent robust consumer spending and credit demand. 5 For the current business cycle, however, the hikes that were made to the country's interest rates recently are generally being considered to be the last. The causes of high inflation in South Africa primarily are two external causes; "The current price drivers are rising oil and international food prices, simply because demand outstrips supply in the international market for these products. The two are linked because the immediate effect of increased fuel prices is that it becomes more expensive to produce food, but this on its own does not necessarily lead to a general price rise." 6 Besides the policies of the South African government are not above contempt, and in fact these populist policies to appease some sections of the countrymen without concern or acknowledging the external causes in plunging the economy into despair. "Increased interest rates will have a direct effect on tax collections and therefore a direct effect on subsidizing the poor. This will lead to a rapid depletion of budget surplus, and to fill this gap the government has no option but to print money to fill in the gap." 7 This is leading South Africa towards hy perinflation. Impact of high oil prices on South African economy The high oil prices have severely affected oil importing countries like South Africa, whose capacity to generate electricity has been affected and which has "forced them to ration electricity". 8 Adding further, "The high price of oil impacts directly on firms, consumers and the government. First, it increases the domestic price of petroleum products, raises the cost of many immediate inputs, and as a result leads to higher production costs. Consequently firms may reduce their labor demand, investment and output. Second, as the short-run demand for oil is highly inelastic, consumers are forced to reduce their consumption of other goods and services to pay for higher energy bills." 9 Moreover, the rising oil prices will also affect South Africa's balance of payments, as exchange rates will work against them in international trade, this will reduce their level of economic activity since the amount of affordable oil that South Africa will be able to purchase shall be dramatically reduced under present conditions. "Consumers and firms could decide to reduce their oil consumption but since the demand for oil is highly inelastic in the short-term, they may be compelled to reduce their consumption of other imported goods. Doing so could undermine economic growth especially if capital goods imports are affected." 10. Poverty is another issue facing the South African economy, since the current policy will lead to more widespread poverty as lack of adequate fuel will drive up the cost, with the cost of transportation of goods and

Perception and Creativity in the Life of Tupac Term Paper

Perception and Creativity in the Life of Tupac - Term Paper Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is Tupac Shakur as a significant figure of change in the music industry. He is among the pioneers of rap music in the 1990s. Tupac was a dynamic artist and influential to most African American youths as well as white people in the United State. His life story is inspired by change and struggle towards right. He was well known as the most influential artists of his time. This document tends to explore the relationship between transformation of location and transition in creativity and focuses on Tupac’s life. Tupac is known for the representative of Western Hip-hop. However he was born in New York. Tupac Shakur was born of two popular members of the Black Panther party Afeni and Billy Shakur. He was born at the time her mother had been convicted with bombing charges. He was first named Tupac Amur which meant the shining serpent. While growing up in the north coast, Shakur spent much of his teenage life in acting. He feat ured in his first movie which was known as A Raisin in the Sun. this was produced by the Apollo Theatres as a benefit of Jesse Jackson’s presidential campaign in 1983. He then moved to the Baltimore School of Art. Tupac moved to the west coast after dropping out of the film school. He was 17 years old. While in the south coast, he settled in Marin County California. This is where his career transformed from acting to rap as he became a roadie and dancer for Digital Underground rap group. Since then, he became popular to rap music featuring in the group’s albums such as son of the P and the EP which were released in 1991 and 1990 respectively. As an underground artist, he signed Interscope music productions and released an album 2pacalpse in 1992. The album became famous for its message on racial strength. He then ended his acting career with the film Gang related posing as a sidekick to James Belushi. At this point, his main focus shifted from movies to music.

How does the school X break down the language barriers for EAL Literature review

How does the school X break down the language barriers for EAL students in science lessons - Literature review Example ntially, due to the diverse population, teachers face a difficult challenge of teaching science to students with limited knowledge of the English language. It is important for teachers to identify ways of combating the language barrier so effectively facilitate students’ simultaneous acquisition of academic content. The use of instructional interventions facilitates learning of EAL students. Cummins observes that effective language interventions for ESL students are built on 3-pillars, that is, activating prior knowledge, access content and extending language (Cummins 1). Accessing prior knowledge involves utilising the student’s prior knowledge so as to facilitate learning. The author hypothesises that students tend to construct meaning to a scientific text by â€Å"bringing their prior knowledge of language, science, and of the world in general to the text† (Cummins 1). Therefore, by activating the students’ prior knowledge, teachers are able to validate ESL students’ background experiences and affirm their cultural knowledge. Moreover, through the use of methods such as visuals, dramatisation or other language-oriented activities, teachers can clarify the meanings of concepts and words thereby making the content accessible (Cummins 2). The students’ visualisation can be enhanced through the use of models and analogies in the curriculum (EMA 2002:5). Arguably, models provide a scientific representation of abstract ideas and complex relationships that enable the EAL students unlock their potential in science while at the same time developing their scientific literacy (EMA 2002:5). According to EMA teachers, by actively engaging students in the use of models and analogies, EAL students can communicate their ideas confidently using scientific terminology. Moreover, teachers can encourage students to devise their models so as to facilitate understanding of the curriculum. Teachers play a detrimental role in assisting EAL students. In a research carried

Us and china political system

Us and china political system Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction United States of Americas Background The United States of America is a composition of 48 states that makes the country; United States. The United States of America is located on North America between Canada and Mexico. The United States also has control over a number of islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific. The United States in the third largest nation in the world behind Russia and Canada. It has an area of 9,629,091 square kilometers. It shares its boarders with Mexico, Canada, the Atlantic Ocean the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The capital city of USA is Washington D.C, located on the east coast almost midway between Florida and Maine. Its largest city is New York followed by Los Angels and Chicago. By July 2000 the population of USA was estimated to be 275, 562, 673 people. It has one of the most diverse populations in the world (Encyclopedia of Nations: United States 1). Peoples Republic of Chinas Background China is located in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, on the southeastern part of Eurasian continent, bordering the East China Sea, the Korean Bay, South China Sea, and the Yellow Sea. Its in between the Vietnam and the northern Korea. The bordering countries include: Bhutan, Afghanistan, Burma, India, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Kazakhstan, Laos, Russia, Pakistan, Nepal, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Tajikistan. The size of the country is 9,596,960 square kilometers being the fourth largest country behind, Russia, Canada and United States. It is divided into 22 provinces, 2 special administration regions (Hong Kong and Macau), 4 municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions. The capital city of China is Beijing; a cultural and educational center for China. The population of china was 1,262 Million by July 2000. It has a population of 56 ethnic groups. It became a communist nation in 1949 (Encyclopedia of Nations: China 1). United States Presidency: The United States of America happen to be among the youngest countries in the world nevertheless having the worlds oldest constitution as well as political wisdom of its founding fathers. The American government functions fairly well within the framework of the constitution. The constitution manages to command a great degree of loyalty from the nations general public. One of the single most distinctive features of the national government in the USA is the presidency in which the president is popularly elected. The United States presidency has two basic components: in the first place its a reflection of those people who have held the president office as well as the precedent they have established. In this presidency the authority of the government is divided and limited. Many of the things that the president can do depend on the cooperation of the congress and the approval Supreme Court. He is also limited because there are many other things that he can not do. He has no control over the decisions and procedures of the congress, the Supreme Court or the fifty states (Encyclopedia of Nations: USA 1). The president is the head of the state: the ceremonial head of the government. He grants pardon, holds states dinners and receives ambassadors. He is the chief executive of the country. He has the executive powers, hence takes care of the law of the country. He preparers the countrys annual budget and set rules for civil service. He has the power of appointing and removing and has to oversee the good running of the administration. The president is the chief diplomat, though the foreign relation is divided among the three organs of government: Congress, President, and the Senate that approves treaties. There is also the secretary of state who is directly a subject to the presidency and can hold the presidency office at pleasure. The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces. He makes all the major decisions of strategy and mobilizes the economy fort optimum production. He can appoint and discharge all makers of policies in the defense department. The president serves for a term of four years and can not serve for more than two terms (Encyclopedia of Nations: USA 1). China The political system of China has been operational since its establishment for 50 years. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done as well as deep reflections (Encyclopedia of Nations: China 1). Chinas Presidency The chairman to the Peoples Republic of China is identified as the countrys important component of living in the summit which is the countrys highest state organ. The president is the head of the state. The presidency is accorded to an individual on the cases of the persons maturity, and extensive experience. At home and abroad he enjoys higher reputation as well as prestige of serving. The presidency is limited to age. The president serves for a term of five years and is limited to two consecutive terms. The president has a right to issue orders, issue amnesty, declare war, appoint and remove members of the state council, appointment and removal of the Premier of the state council, and the Vice Premier, the heads of all the ministries and commissions, the State Councilors, the Secretary General and the Audit General. These officers serves odder from the state. The president heads the external states affairs, abrogates, and ratifies concluded foreign treaties and meets the foreign en voys according to the decision of the National Peoples Congress Standing Committee (SINA Corporation 1). Administration United States: The Congress The congress has the responsibility of making laws. It is nationally agreed that the choice of the congress is the choice of the people, and the choices ultimately are made that laws of the land. The congress is bicameral which is made of the house of representative with 435 members and a senate with a100 members two from each state. The representatives serves for two years as the senators serves for six years (SINA Corporation 1). State Departments The Peoples Republic of China is stipulated in the constitution as belonging to the people all the rights. The people have the mandate to exercise state powers as the organ of the National Peoples Congress (NPC). NPC is the highest organ of China authority. The state authorities organize the s the executive body. The executive has the role of implementing the laws and the constitution and ensuring the enforcement of both. The NPC decides who is to take the premiership, the vice premier, the state councilor and all the other candidates. The NPC has the power to remove the Premier of the State Council as well as the state departments. The NPC examines and approves the plans and the budget that has been prepared by the states council (SINA Corporation 1). Other differences The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. The people congresses have a responsibility of exercising the state power in a unified way and they create all the governments courts. The Chinese deputies come from all the ethnic groups to ensure equitable distribution unlike in the US where they come from sections (Xinhua 1). Conclusion The United States is a presidential, federal republic. It is administered under a two party system even though this is not stipulated in the constitution. The president is independent of the legislature. The judicial power is exercised by the judiciary in which the Supreme Court fall and the other lower federal courts. The judiciary interprets U.S constitution, and also resolves disputes between the executive and the legislature. The U.S politics are dominated by two parties: the republican and the Democratic Party. On the other hand the Chinese political system is run on the basis of the system of peoples congress. It has an organizational form for the state power. The NPC is the highest authority of the States power while the congresses are the local authorities. Both of the authorities are people elected. The head of the state is the head of the peoples republic of China. He has duties of handling the domestic issues as well as some foreign responsibilities. The civil servants hav e the responsibility of instigating power on the administrative organ as well as execution of the laws and public services. The areas that heavily populated with the ethnic minorities are managed by self government under the national leadership. The administrative status of these areas is determined by their location and their population. In some case there are established some special administrative regions are demarcated where need be. These laws are enacted by the NPC. The political system has the chief executive, the administrative organ, the legislature and the judicial organ (SINA Corporation, 2009) Works cited Encyclopedia of the Nations: Peoples Republic of China. Retrieved on December 2, 2010 from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/China.html Encyclopedia of the Nations: United States of America. Politics, Government and Taxation. Retrieved on December 2, 2010 from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Americas/United-States-of-America-POLITICS-GOVERNMENT-AND-TAXATION.html SINA Cooperation: On Differences of Political System between China and America 2007. Retrieved on December 2, 2010 from: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4acaf2d701000ase.html Xinhua. Backgrounder: Essential differences between Chinese, Western political system. 2009. Retrieved on December 2, 2010 from: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90785/6610207.html

Manila Zoo Background Essay

The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden or Manila Zoo emerged from the ashes of World War II, a proud monument of man’s innate love of nature and its multitude of creatures. This showcase of then Mayor Arsenio H. Lacson’s vision was born on May 18, 1959 by virtue of City Ordinance No. 4135 and inaugurated on July 25, 1959. Mayor Antonio Z. Villegas’ Executive Order No. 10, dated February 1, 1967, integrated into one office the Division of Recreational Services of the Social Welfare Bureau and the Division of Parks and Playgrounds of the Department of Engineering and Public Works with the Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden. The new office was known as the Manila Zoo and Public Recreations Bureau. On June 15, 1969 the Congress of the Philippines enacted R.A. 5264 creating what now is known as the Public Recreations Bureau (PRB). The Manila Zoo is a 5.5-hectare (14-acre) zoo located in Manila, Philippines that opened it’s doors to the public on July 25, 1959. It receives millions of visitors every year, and is especially popular with visitors on weekends. It serves as one of the educational centers in the country where the viewing public can observe, discover and learn interesting facts about the beauty of Philippine fauna and flora. There are 106 species of animals, among which are 30 different kinds of mammals, 63 reptile species and 13 types of birds. In addition to popular zoo occupants such as elephant, tigers, lions and the hippos, Manila Zoo also houses several endemic and indigenous species of animals like the bearcat, long-tailed macaques and crocodiles. There is also a Kinder Zoo inside the Manila Zoo where anyone can roam around freely and interact with the animals inside. Children can play with tamed animals at the same time learn about them and their environment. The Kinder Zoo features different attractions and animals from all over the world like Butterfly Dome, Exotic Birds Aviary, Koi Pond, Philippine Mouse Deer House, Petting Zoo, Turtle Pond, Party Barn, Playground, Hanging Bridge and Flamingo Pond. Animals inside include exotic birds, pot belly pigs, miniature animals, Cayman crocodiles, peacocks and peahen ducks, chickens from around the world, rabbits, snakes, ostriches, and Sulcata tortoises. At the center of the zoo is a small lagoon or pond where visitors can experience boat riding. There  is a small island at the center of the lagoon. Boat riders paddle their way around this island. There are also many restaurants, canteens and souvenir shops inside the zoo. The zoo also has several playgrounds for the children and tables and benches where families may have picnics. With a good mix of education and entertainment purposes, the Manila Zoo does its best to appeal to everyone. ANIMALS The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to more than 800 animals from nearly 100 species as of 2007. The zoo’s most popular resident is Mali, an Asian elephant who arrived at the zoo as an orphaned calf donated from Sri Lanka. List of Animals: Multicolored Stork Blue-crowned Heron Purple Heron Rufous Night Heron Indian Blue Peafowl Leucistic Indian Peafowl Bengal tiger Philippine Monkey Silver Fox Palawan Bearcat Stump-tailed Macaque Philippine Crocodile Estuarine Crocodile Domestic Horse Wild Boar Miniature Brahman Green Iguana Sailfin Lizard Elongated Tortoise Philippine Cobra Burmese Python Reticulated Python Tarictic Hornbill Rufous Hornbill Catalina Macaw Hybrid Macaw Umbrella Cockatoo Moluccan Cockatoo Sulfur-crested Cockatoo Rufous-bellied Eagle Eastern Grass-owl Large-billed Crow Philippine Eagle-owl Philippine Scops-owl Banded Rail Bittern Blue-naped Parrot Brown Booby Crested Myna Egret Gallinule Mallard Palawan Peacock-pheasant Pond Heron Purple Swamphen Spotted Dove Ring-necked Parakeet Turtle Dove Water Hen White Ibis Nicobar Pigeon Fruit Bat Luzon Bleeding-heart Hanging parrot Malayan Civet Palawan Bearcat Monitor lizard Soft-shelled Turtle Goose Rhea Cassowary Ostrich Hippopotamus Zebra Llama Coati Japanese Macaque Cloud Rat Orangutan Goat Guinea Pig Rabbit BOTANICAL GARDEN The Manila Zoological and Botanical Garden is home to many plant collections, from the botanically rich and diverse Philippine Islands and South Pacific region. An estimated 500 species of plants including impressive mature shade trees thrive within the enclave. Aside from being a botanical garden, it is also considered as an arboretum.

Cinema And Its Impact On Society Film Studies Essay

In the subcontinent there are legion traditions and patterns that are based on ignorance and which have captivated the advancement of the societies. Of such negative influenced ignorance, unsociableness, dowry systems, rigidness of caste system and solitude system have done singular injury to the society. These influences are present in our society and are practiced without the reverberation of the wake that they bring with them, the society keeps following them like aristocracy preached through hereditary traditions. Cinema movies have, had and will go on to torch visible radiation to eliminate the obstinate discolorations in the sub Continental society. Cinema has been used to advance obliteration of trafficking, illiteracy, bondage, promote national integrating, household planning, and inter caste/religion matrimonies. Cinema can be used as a tool to lend to steer the society to continue along the righteous way. It has been and will be used as a mean to take ignorance from the sub Continental society. hypertext transfer protocol: //essaysandarticles.com/science/the-cinema % E2 % 80 % 94-its-impact-on-society There are dynamic positions and realisation of film to different people associated to this signifier of media, for case for the Manufacturers it is a mean of a moneymaking concern, for managers and backroom staff, it is a signifier of canvas for them there they can execute their art work to the multitudes for personal desire and satisfaction, for on screen performing artists, such as histrions and actresses, its is a mean of gaining money and face value, while for the multitudes it is a mean of inexpensive and interesting signifier of amusement and interest for their screening and listening pleasance. This is one of the cardinal grounds why film has been a booming industry for ages and clasp of a major market portion of the amusement industry. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Indian Cinema: Since its get downing with the movie ‘Raja Harish Chandra ‘ ( 1913 ) , the film has remained the most powerful media for mass communicating in India. Cinema has the ability to unite amusement with communicating of thoughts. It has the possible entreaty for its audience. It surely leaves other media far behind in doing such an entreaty. As in literature, film has produced much which touches the innermost beds of the adult male. It mirrors the episodes in such a mode that leaves an impact on the coming coevalss. Cinema presents an image of the society in which it is born and the hopes, aspirations, defeat and contradictions present in any given societal order. In the present epoch, film is acquiring replaced by little screen productions. Televised seriess and programmes are replacing fad. They advertise and earn gross for industry. Thus movies telecast has become a beginning of farther income for the industry and trade. Man has inherent aptitudes, different ideas flow which leave an consequence on the heads. The individual laughs with the movies and cryings with them. Scenes of ‘Shaheed Bhagat Singh ‘ , a movie by Raj Kumar Santoshi and Manoj Goswami makes people national-minded and sentimentally involved in the movie show. The fim duologues are busying topographic points in our existent life. Dialogues of Mugle Azam found topographic point in the normal interaction of people for a long clip. Peoples talked and walked like Prithvi Raj, the great male monarch Akbar. In the same manner, dramas by Agha Hashat and Devdas by Sharat Chandra left a deep impact on the multitudes. In the same manner, movie ‘Sholey ‘ created an imending consequence on so many. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preservearticles.com/201106127879/essay-on-the-effect-of-cinema-on-our-society.html Example of Bengali Cinema and how it portrays: Bengali film is closely linked to Modernity and Realism. The most celebrated and celebrated movie shapers of the Bengali film along with the modernist ideas chose the genre of pragmatism to make to a new tallness. Ritwik Ghatak and Satyajit Ray are some of the greatest illustrations, who have played with the subject of pragmatism and modernness in their movies. Modernity is a huge subject and can be defined into many ways. But we will chiefly concentrate on the artistic, societal and political modernisation. Satyajit Ray ‘s movie ‘Pather Pancheli ‘ is one of the ultimate illustrations of movies portraying pragmatism along with several elements of modernness. It was an inspiration to Vittorio De Sicca ‘s Bicycle Thief, 1948 which was based on Italian neo-realism. Ray ‘s work was a shot of mastermind. It reflected the societal advancement and alteration in Bengal and besides had modernized thoughts and constructs. In his movie Pather Panchali, Ray has focused on go forthing the old thoughts behind, traveling on and working on new constructs. He put accent on the fact that, with the transition of clip the conventional ways of life, household thoughts and traditional life style have become out-of-date and needs to be altered consequently. During the flood tide, Apu and his household, leaves their place and subsequently departs from the small town. Their ascendant ‘s place was the exclusive ground why they were non go forthing that small town. They shifted to another topographic point for a better life and life manner. By relocating, they were able to sell off the old house which was of no usage to them, alternatively was the ground for their girl ‘s life. This movie is an development from traditional times to modern manner of life. Ray used many metaphors throughout his movie which were related to a demand for alteration and modernness. I think old aunt was a perfect illustration of metaphorical use. She was exhausted, old adult female who had nil to make than merely rolling around the house. She is often told by everyone to go forth which indicates that she is unwanted and worthless in the house. The household feared famine, survival and poorness. They were unhappy about the traditional manner of life and traditions. The same manner, they were annoyed by the presence of old aunt. Subsequently, we founds out that the old aunt meanders, after several unsuccessful efforts of seeking for a shelter topographic point, she dies. Death of old thoughts is the metaphorical significance of old aunt ‘s decease. Ray wishes for a alteration, something which is ne'er stoping. Through his illustrations, he focused on a demand for alteration so that we can interrupt off from the traditions which are keeping us back and is a signifier of barrier to our advancement. By agencies of aunt decease, he is able to demo how traditions have become outdated. Ray ‘s another great work Charulata ( 1964 ) , besides focuses on conveying a alteration. The narrative sets in an upper in-between category Bengali society. In this context, a only homemaker falls in love with her brother-in-law while they both were hiking each other to compose. He applied two different ideas of traditionality and modernness, place and desire and literature and political relations together. Ray ‘s movies have a humanistic attack. The deepness of his plant is far making. It has captured the human bosom and extracted the emotions from it. Apu throwing the necklace stolen by Durga, Amal go forthing place for the fright of being unfaithful, Durga stealing nutrient from her aunt are illustrations of Ray ‘s humanistic work. Ray is besides inspired by Neo-realism. From my point of position, it is because his narratives are mostly concentrating on the society. He can non do them fictional because so it would irrelevant to the society. His narratives are non meant to be movies, in fact a world which was an image of the society in which he has lived in. It was a complete imitation of Bengali society. The characters were portraiture of existent personalities. For illustration, Durga is Hindu fabulous character. When you look at her, you will non judge her as a good or evil character but will believe of her as a adult female who had existed in the yesteryear and had different properties which mirrored her personality. She was n't a fictional character. Correspondingly, Ritwik Ghatak ‘s movies introduced the modernistic subjects of isolation, disaffection and demand for place that evolves around the Bengali society. In his socially applicable movie Ajantrik, Ghatak brought together the construct of isolation and disaffection to the society. He demonstrates a adult male ‘s love for his auto ; auto is a exanimate object. That adult male had a disturbed societal life where he was non able to bond tighter with people around him. There are scenes like when Bimal is holding a conversation with his auto. He takes attention of his auto like he is a living comrade. At the same clip, did n't give importance to what the society says. This shows the importance of the auto, Jagaddal. Ghatak treat the auto as a life character and non as a prop. He besides showed the auto ‘s point of position. He wants to turn out his point that with the debut of modernisation ; nowadays people are more mercenary orientated. They value belongings more than dealingss. Similarly in Subarnarekha ( 1965 ) , Ghatak has focused more on the subject of place ( alongside the sub-themes such as dealingss and happiness.His work is besides approximately modernness, alteration and its effects and how divider affected Ghatak and the society. Subarnarekha is a after divider narrative of a household relocating to the bank of Subarnarekha River. Throughout the narrative, Sita hunt for felicity. He talks about the new place feeling and that she confesses her secrets, felicity and sufferings to a river. What I learned from Ghatak ‘s movies is he considers that society has transformed from being a community to a combined life of different characters. Individuality is present wholly over his work. Peoples have how people have gone from being lovers of nature and semisynthetic beauty ( like lakes and montains ) to autos and belongings. One may state that in the movies of both, Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak, you can happen many modernist necessities. Their work ranges from content to subjects like theanthropism, place and modernness ; besides their trade which is the usage of POV shootings, Brechtian elements, different manner of filming and pull stringsing infinite. Decision It is ever good and good groomed to see good topics on film. They have a really positive and durable consequence on the heads whereas inexpensive and moth-eaten films affect the stamp heads of audience really severely. There is general feeling that present twenty-four hours offenses are all due to effects of film. Besides unfastened and demonstrative topics throw tarnished messages. They spoil our civilization, and society. Cinema and TV severely affect the wellness of the childs. They neglect surveies and physical games to pass more clip on this amusement. School-going kids and society kids fail to do usage of good impacts and are influenced by the bad portion of the programmes on the air. The motivation is non to fling film or Television telecast so easy. The desirable act will be to selective and choosey for programmes. Good films should be seen by the pupils. The films of Television shows should be really much restricted and for a fix clip. The film exercises a great influence on the head of the people. It has a great educative value. It can accomplish glorious consequences in the field of enlargement of instruction. There are certain topics, such as scientific discipline and geographics, which can be more effec ­tively taught with the aid of talking pictures. Lessons on route sense, regulations of hygiene and civic sense can be taught to the pupils and the ‘ public every bit good in a really effectual mode with the aid of film images. Many successful experiments have been made in assorted states on the public-service corporation of movies as a agency of instruction. Feature movies have been produced for school and college pupils and pupils are being benefitted by them. Cinema movies have the power to act upon the thought of the people. They have changed the society and societal tendencies. They have introduced new manners in society. They may be described as pace-setters. They can make a direct impact on our societal life. Movies can travel a long manner towards eliciting national consciousness and besides in using the energies of the young person in societal reconstruc ­tion and nation-building by a adept adaptation of good moral, societal and educative subjects, and by debut of popular sentiments, movies can, to a great extent, formulate and guide public sentiment

Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle

Jimmy Doolittle Tokyo’s citizens felt secure eventho at war; Radio Tokyo assured the people they and Emperor Hirohito were safe from enemy attacks Kamikaze mystique constituted a spiritual fortress around the Japanese homeland. No foreign attackers since Kublai Khan 1281 when a violent storm had turned him back; this storm called kamikaze or divine wind During the previous 4Â ½ months their armed forces had scored triumph after triumph (including assaults on American territories of Guam, Philippines and Hawaii) on the war fronts of the Pacific; victory fever reigns A US submariner named Capt. Francis Low had seen aircraft taking off from the USS Hornet in Norfolk, Va; watched Navy aircraft practicing take-offs and landings on runways painted like flight decks; then he noticed twin engine army bombers overhead on a mock bombing run – what if Army bombers could take off from an aircraft carrier? US commanders dared not attempt a carrier attack against Japan using short-range Navy aircraft b/c would be detected and attacked b4 launch point but Army bombers had much more range and could possible catch Japanese defenders with their guard down Idea goes onto Navy Adm who wrote it out and it was passed on the Gen Arnold who chose Col. James Doolittle aged 45 as the to get the men and aircraft together for the mission, NOT fly it but plan it – he had too much know how to be risked on a combat mission Why Doolittle? Flying fame only 2nd the Lindberg, set aviation speed records, had performed the 1st outside loop, scored a first in ‘blind flying’, earned a doctorate of aeronautical science from MIT, in general if it had wings and looked like a plane – chances were good Doolittle had either flown or could fly it B-25s chosen could take off but they were too large to land on carrier so this was a 1 way mission so landings would be in either China or Russia; Doolittle estimates success at 50-50 Vladivostok 1st choice of landi... Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle Free Essays on Jimmy Doolittle Jimmy Doolittle Tokyo’s citizens felt secure eventho at war; Radio Tokyo assured the people they and Emperor Hirohito were safe from enemy attacks Kamikaze mystique constituted a spiritual fortress around the Japanese homeland. No foreign attackers since Kublai Khan 1281 when a violent storm had turned him back; this storm called kamikaze or divine wind During the previous 4Â ½ months their armed forces had scored triumph after triumph (including assaults on American territories of Guam, Philippines and Hawaii) on the war fronts of the Pacific; victory fever reigns A US submariner named Capt. Francis Low had seen aircraft taking off from the USS Hornet in Norfolk, Va; watched Navy aircraft practicing take-offs and landings on runways painted like flight decks; then he noticed twin engine army bombers overhead on a mock bombing run – what if Army bombers could take off from an aircraft carrier? US commanders dared not attempt a carrier attack against Japan using short-range Navy aircraft b/c would be detected and attacked b4 launch point but Army bombers had much more range and could possible catch Japanese defenders with their guard down Idea goes onto Navy Adm who wrote it out and it was passed on the Gen Arnold who chose Col. James Doolittle aged 45 as the to get the men and aircraft together for the mission, NOT fly it but plan it – he had too much know how to be risked on a combat mission Why Doolittle? Flying fame only 2nd the Lindberg, set aviation speed records, had performed the 1st outside loop, scored a first in ‘blind flying’, earned a doctorate of aeronautical science from MIT, in general if it had wings and looked like a plane – chances were good Doolittle had either flown or could fly it B-25s chosen could take off but they were too large to land on carrier so this was a 1 way mission so landings would be in either China or Russia; Doolittle estimates success at 50-50 Vladivostok 1st choice of landi...

The eNotes Blog 20 Lovable Little FreeLibraries

20 Lovable Little FreeLibraries â€Å"Take a book, return a book† is the mantra that rings true to bookworms all around the world who are interacting with Little Free Libraries. Since the birth of the first little library in Wisconsin circa 2009, the growth and prevalence of these tiny structures are astounding. As of 2017, there are 60,000 registered Little Free Libraries in all U.S. states and over 80 countries. They come in all different shapes and sizes, showcasing the unique, personal touches of their creators. Little Free Libraries, however, are more than just creating a gift-sharing network for the common good. It’s part of a social movement inspired by Andrew Carnegie’s goal of the 20th century to fund the creation of 2,508 free public libraries across the English-speaking world. These libraries are more than an educational resource. They aim to inspire communities to embrace the arts, share their stories, and encourage literacy practices. We simply cannot get enough of these adorable little libraries, so we’ve created a list of the 20 Little Free Libraries that have stolen our hearts. View this post on Instagram We took a little field trip today to @littlefreelibrarynashville on Labrador Lane to visit the Ryman library 📚 box. We even left a few goodies inside 💒. Much love to the Hunters Branch neighbors for the honor of our own #littlefreelibrary ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  A post shared by Ryman Auditorium (@theryman) on Nov 6, 2017 at 3:14pm PST View this post on Instagram Obligatory #publicbookbox in the snow photo. #littlefreelibrary #bookbox #nopo #stjohns #doctorwho #tardis A post shared by Sarah Carter Adams (@sarah.carter.adams) on Feb 21, 2018 at 8:27am PST View this post on Instagram Phone booth turned Little Free Library #littlefreelibrary #literacy #britishphonebooth #england #cotswolds #uk #latergram #englandtrip A post shared by Angela (@angela_j_f) on Feb 21, 2018 at 10:43am PST View this post on Instagram On an afternoon walk and happened upon this cute little neighborhood library!! So I had to borrow a book! #booksofinstagram #booknerds #booklovers #booksonbooks #littlefreelibrary #takeabookreturnabook A post shared by Booksbooksbooks (@booksbymaggs) on Feb 18, 2018 at 2:51pm PST View this post on Instagram The cutest Little Free Library yet! Swipe to see the awesome vintage book I took from it. 📚 #littlefreelibrary #freebooks #addedtoreadinglist A post shared by Sarah H. (@sheiman) on Feb 15, 2018 at 11:41am PST View this post on Instagram Little rustic library. #library #pallets #santamonicacanyon #littlefreelibrary #onlybigger #wishithadcookbooks A post shared by Jaime Goodrich (@jaimegoodrich) on Feb 13, 2018 at 3:03pm PST View this post on Instagram Walked all the way to downtown via Fernwood today, BC Family day holiday here. Crisp but sunny day. Loved this elaborate (not so) Little Free Library by Fernwood square. Also picked up couple books from a different LFL. ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£  ¯BC ãÆ'•ã‚ ¡Ã£Æ'ŸãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‡ã‚ ¤Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€ Ã§ ¥ Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£ Å Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦ °â€"ã‚‚è‰ ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£  ®Ã£  §Fernwoodを通㠁 £Ã£  ¦Ã£Æ'€ã‚ ¦Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¦Ã£Æ' ³Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã¥ ¤ «Ã£  ¨Ã¦â€¢ £Ã¦ ­ ©Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥â€ â„¢Ã§Å"Ÿã  ¯Ã¨ ¶â€¦Ã¥â€¡ Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦â€"™ã  ®Ã¥â€º ³Ã¦â€º ¸Ã§ ® ±Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ ¦ Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€¹ Ã¦â€°â€¹Ã£  «Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã£â€šÅ'㠁Ÿã‚Šã€ Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦Å' Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã¥ ¸ °Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã£ Å'å‡ ºÃ¦  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â€š ²Ã£Æ'Æ'ãÆ'ˆã â€"㠁Ÿã  ®Ã£  ¯Ã¥Å" °Ã¥â€¦Æ'ã‚ ·Ã£â€š §Ã£Æ'•ã  ®Ã¦â€"™ç â€ Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  ¨Ã¨ © ©Ã£  ®Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£â‚¬â€š #bcfamilyday #familyday #yyj #lfl #littlefreelibrary #fernwood #victoriabc #explorevictoria #dateday #walking #ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'€ #ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۋÆ'“ã‚ ¯Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ªÃ£â€š ¢ #ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'€ç”Ÿæ ´ » #ãÆ'•ã‚ ¡Ã£Æ'ŸãÆ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‡ãÆ' ¼ #ãÆ'“ã‚ ¯Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ªÃ£â€š ¢ #å› ³Ã¦â€º ¸Ã© ¤ ¨ #ç ¥ Ã¦â€" ¥ #ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۋÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'• #æÅ" ¬ #æ µ ·Ã¥ ¤â€"生æ ´ » A post shared by Yukari Peerless㠁 ¯Ã£  ¿Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ'Æ'ãÆ'‰ã‚ ­Ã£Æ' £Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆ (@yukaripeerless) on Feb 12, 2018 at 3:13pm PST View this post on Instagram You can find the sweetest little library at Gates Lake. #takeabookleaveabook #littlefreelibrary #gateslake #weekendwandering A post shared by cara (@cara_yu) on Feb 10, 2018 at 5:39pm PST View this post on Instagram An early happy Valentines ⠝ ¤Ã¯ ¸  Day! #littlefreelibrary #coronadoisland A post shared by Nado Little Free Library 📚 (@nadolfl) on Feb 9, 2018 at 3:19pm PST View this post on Instagram Is it just me, or has the weather been ridiculously nice over the past couple of weeks? Get outside with your littles by finding one (or more!) of many free little libraries in neighborhoods near you! Visit our website to find one close by! https://www.findlittleoutings.com/salt-lake-county-outings/little-free-libraries #findlittleoutings #littlefreelibrary A post shared by Find Little Outings (@findlittleoutings) on Feb 8, 2018 at 11:28am PST View this post on Instagram #littlefreelibrary #littlefreelibrary55158 #snoopy#doghouse#snoopylittlefreelibrary A post shared by ChaCha And Ru (@chachalarue_therapydog) on Feb 4, 2018 at 3:33pm PST View this post on Instagram Wishing you a whale of a weekend from our #littlefreelibrary #shakeragalley #takeabookleaveabook #reading ##writing #weekend A post shared by Shake Rag Alley (@shakeragalley) on Jan 26, 2018 at 3:23pm PST View this post on Instagram Another #littlelibrary between Dinglewood #discgolf and #MidtownCoffeeHouse #ColumbusGa #getoutside #parksandrec #littlefreelibrary A post shared by Bethanie Hagues (@bethaniehagues) on Jan 25, 2018 at 2:53pm PST View this post on Instagram I was happy to see a little free library at the @sequoiaparkzoo! #storieseverywhere A post shared by Storyteller John Weaver (@storyteller_john_weaver) on Jan 15, 2018 at 12:53pm PST View this post on Instagram The #HoweLFL in the snow. #HanoverNH #HoweLibrary #littlefreelibrary A post shared by Howe Library (@howelibrary) on Jan 17, 2018 at 1:36pm PST View this post on Instagram Another Little Free Library in my neighborhood, spotted on a walk with a friend. I live near 4, actually. I love how enormous this one is. Also saw the owner repainting it one day so it clearly has pride of place. I definitely fall into the ‘book liberator’ camp if you love a book, set it free and pass it on so I am happy seeing Little Free Libraries around town. #littlefreelibrary #myweekof2017 #rhodereaders A post shared by kc (@rhode_reads) on Dec 28, 2017 at 5:16am PST View this post on Instagram New Year and the @littlefreelibraryonrose received some love! Clean and ready for some new books! Come #leaveabookandtakeabook #littlefreelibrary #littlefreelibraryonrosest #burbank #literacy #readmore #LitteFreeLibrary @littlefreelibrary A post shared by LittleFreeLibraryonRose (@littlefreelibraryonrose) on Jan 7, 2018 at 3:49pm PST View this post on Instagram Another Beautifully crafted design Little Free Library with lights in Whitmore Park had a visit from Book Fairy Regina Book. The Chronicles of Naria: The Last Battle was left inside in celebration of #MiniBookShare day. About the book: During the last days of Narnia, the land faces its fiercest challenge- not an invader from without but an enemy from within. Lies and treachery have taken root, and only the king and a small band of loyal followers can prevent the destruction of all they hold dear in this, the magnificent ending to The Chronicles of Narnia. #thechronicleaofnaria #thelastbattle #cslewis #MiniBookShare #ibelieveinbookfairies #bookfairies #thebookfairies #bookfairy #bookfairiesworldwide #libraries #minilibraries #littlefreelibrary #littlefreelibraries #littlelibraries #library #sharebooks #bookfairiessaskatchewan #bookfairiescanada #bookfairyregina #bookworm #saskatchewan #regina #reginasaskatchewan #bookstagram #mustread #lovereading #bookish #childrenbooks #bookfairi esregina A post shared by The Book Fairies Saskatchewan (@bookfairies_saskatchewan) on Nov 4, 2017 at 5:25pm PDT The next time you stumble upon one of these charming little gems, hopefully you’ll have a better understanding of the motive behind the movement. Curious to know where the Little Free Libraries are around you? Check out the world map of all the Little Free Libraries that have been registered within the system. The Little Free Libraries are made possible by direct donations from individuals and organizations to Little Free Library’s Impact Library Program. If you want to learn more about this program and how you can help bring a little library to your community, check out the Little Free Library website. Looking for an online library complete with full summaries and study guides of great literary works? Check out   where our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers!    *Cover image by Gratisography.com

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Thomas the Apostle in India Essay Example for Free

Thomas the Apostle in India Essay The essay will discuss the debate concerning the arrival of Thomas Apostle to India. Based on the information available to researchers, the paper will argue that St. Thomas had actually lived in India. Two different theories that present opposing views concerning this topic will be presented in this paper. One theory argues that Thomas the Apostle had stayed in South India, while another theory argues that Thomas the Apostle did not come to India. There is also controversy regarding the place that was visited by the great saint. One group argues that he had stayed in North India while another group of scholars argue that in actuality he had stayed in the south. The essay will cover various facts, issues, and debates concerning Thomas the Apostles’ arrival to India. Malabar, the land where the apostle is said to have arrived, maintained trade and cultural contact with the western world. This was the center of the Jewish and Christian settlements, the remains of which can be seen even today. Many Christians decided to stay in Cranganore, a Malabar port, in order to avoid their harassment by the Roman Empire in Jerusalem. This shows that from historical times, Christians showed their liking for South Indian regions. (Coipuram, 2002)   Therefore, it is not surprising that Jesus Christ ordered St. Thomas to go the East particularly to India and China in order to spread the message of Christianity. St. Thomas arrived in South India in the year 52 AD. (Coipuram, 2002)   St. Thomas worked with the Christians as well as the local community. He was able to impress the people and the kings through his miracles. At the same time, his acts inspired the orthodox Brahmins of South India to kill him in 72 AD in Mylapore in the present Tamil Nadu, a South Indian state. (Coipuram, 2002)     The remains of the saint were taken to Turkey in 8th century and later they were sent to Rome. (Coipuram, 2002) It is stated that St. Thomas had constructed seven churches in different parts of Malabar. Christians of the region celebrate several festivals that are connected with the activities of St. Thomas. Many Christian communities came to India from Turkey. In the year 345 AD, some Christians settled in Cranganore. The Christians of the regions are known as the St. Thomas Christians. (Coipuram, 2002) Information regarding the activities of St. Thomas in India is found in the book â€Å"Acta Thomae† or Acts of Judas Thomas, which is dated to the end of 1st century AD. (Ninnan, n.d) The book is available in various languages including Syrian, Greek, Latin, Armenian, and Ethiopic. According to this book, St. Thomas and other apostles shared the whole world among themselves for the purpose of propagating Christianity. Jesus Christ sold Thomas to Habban of India who was looking for a carpenter. (Ninnan, n.d)   This forced Thomas to accompany Habban to India. Thomas reached the kingdom of Gondaphorus where Thomas was asked to build a palace.   St. Thomas performed various miracles winning the hearts of many people in India. Consequently, he was able to convert a few Indians. St. Thomas converted the Gondaphorus king, king of Mazdai, a noble lady named Mygdonia, and Tertia, the queen of Mazdai. (Ninnan, n.d)   The book â€Å"Acta Thomae† also states that the apostle became an apostle outside the city of the kingdom as he was killed by four soldiers. (Ninnan, n.d)   The book reveals that St. Thomas had arrived and stayed in India. (Ninnan, n.d)   There are many local traditions that claim that St. Thomas had arrived and stayed in South India. Such traditions are found in the works such as Songs of Nazranis, Thomma Parvam (1601 AD), and Veeradian Pattu. (Ninnan, n.d.) The local traditions claim that St. Thomas had stayed in Cranganore and converted the local people into Christianity. It is said that during the initial years of the stay of St. Thomas in Cranganore, he converted the Jewish settlers in the region. (Ninnan, n.d)   In the next phase, he converted 75 Brahmin families and 3000 others, who were obviously impressed by his miracles. (Ninnan, n.d.) The South Indian connection of St. Thomas is proved by the theory that due to the discovery of Hippalus wind in 45 AD, many westerners used to sail from Yemen directly to the Malabar Coast. (Ninnan, n.d.) Therefore, it is suggested that Thomas had stayed in the Malabar region. Apart from this theory and local traditions, there are no other strong evidences to state that St.Thomas had actually stayed in South India.    St. Thomas’s stay and death in North India is mentioned in the ancient Syrian texts. There are archaeological and literary evidences to state that the king of Gondaphorus had maintained contact with Christian saints and that he was finally converted to Christianity. (Ninnan, n.d.)   Nevertheless, it is not important whether St. Thomas had stayed in North India or South India. The Gospel of Thomas, an apocryphal book, gives information pertaining to the work of St. Thomas in India. This book was not given much importance by the church authorities as it was believed that the book had undermined the teachings of Jesus, but researchers do not accept such allegations as this book does not contradict the teachings of Jesus Christ. (Gjorgjievski, 2001, p. 1) The book the Gospel of Thomas mentions that since St. Thomas refused to go to India, he was compelled by Jesus Christ to go to the East by selling Thomas to Abban, an envoy of the king Gundaphor. (Gjorgjievski, 2001, p. 1) It is stated that after coming to India, the apostle, instead of constructing a palace as he was asked by the king, distributed the money among the poor, which enraged the king who imprisoned the saint. (Gjorgjievski, 2001, p. 1)   Eventually, the king realized the divine power of the saint and accepted Christianity. The evidence of this book also shows that St. Thomas had come to North India although South Indians claim that he had stayed in South India.   (Gjorgjievski, 2001, p. 1) There are two phases of Thomas’s activities in India. In the first phase, he taught the Parthians ruled by the famous king Gondaphares who lived during 1st century AD. (Medlycott n.d.) In the earliest ecclesiastical writings, one gets the information pertaining to the first phase of the stay of Thomas in India. During the second phase, he seems to have visited South India. (Medlycott n.d.) This is because it is widely believed that St. Thomas died in Mylapore and his tomb could be found in this city although later his body remains were taken to Turkey. (Medlycott n.d.) This is proved by the evidences provided by various scholars who visited this region from the early years of Christian era to the Portuguese period. The Portuguese scholars have mentioned the existence of Christian traditions in Mylapore. (Medlycott n.d.) Therefore, this study has presented an eclectic view concerning the place where St. Thomas lived. The study shows that St. Thomas lived both in western India as well as in South India. (Medlycott,   n.d.) Evidences regarding St. Thomas are available in the works of Syrian writers, liturgical books and calendars of the Syrian Church, works of the fathers belonging to western church, works of fathers belonging to Greek and Abyssinian churches. (Medlycott, n.d.) The study of Prof. Carl Schmidt regarding the â€Å"Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles† has proved the authenticity of apocryphal works that describe the activities of St. Thomas in India. (Medlycott n.d.) Therefore, without any doubt one may accept the ancient Syrian and Latin works that describe the stay of St. Thomas in India. (Medlycott, n.d.) In ancient but revised Syriac work, â€Å"The Teaching of the Apostles†, it is mentioned that St. Thomas the apostle had actually lived in India. St. Thomas, who was also called Didymus was invited by Jesus to become his apostle and spread the message of Christianity in the east. (Jesuvera, 2006)     The St. Thomas feast day is celebrated in the Malabar on July 3rd every year. (Jesuvera, 2006) The Christians theologians believe that St. Thomas had preached to the people such as Parthians, Medes, Persians, Bactrians, Margians, and South Indians. (Jesuvera, 2006)   In the work, â€Å"Assumption of Mary†, a work belonging to 400 AD, there is reference to St. Thomas of India staying near the body of Virgin Mary on the day of her â€Å"body assumption†. (Jesuvera, 2006)  Ã‚     Evidences concerning Thomas apostle’s life in India are found in Syrian Christian literature and traditions found in India. (Jesuvera, 2006) With the arrival of the European missionaries to India after 16th century, many Europeans were informed that in India there existed a Christian community called â€Å"St. Thomas Christians†. Based on this, it was suggested that St. Thomas had really stayed in India and convinced a few Indians to accept Christianity. (Sharan, n.d.)   Contrary to this belief, it is argued that the Christian communities of Kerala were given the name only after 14th Century with the arrival of the European missionaries to Malabar. (Sharan, n.d.)   It is argued that this Christian community was actually called Syrian Christians and not St. Thomas Christians. (Sharan, n.d.) It is argued that Europeans propagated the myth of St. Thomas in order to achieve the political and religious agendas of converting India as a part of European or British imperialism and to convert large numbers of Indians into Christianity. (Sharan, n.d.)   To support this argument, correspondence of Fr. A. Mathias Mundadan who was satisfied with the fact that evidence existed to prove that St. Thomas had stayed in India. (Sharan, n.d.) It is argued that based on inaccurate evidences or hagiographies one cannot suggest that St. Thomas had lived and died in India. (Sharan, n.d.) It has been argued that St. Thomas never came to India. In reality, Christianity was established in India for the time in 345 AD by a merchant called Thomas Cananeus. (Sharan, n.d.)   Based on similarity of names, it has been suggested that St. Thomas had come to India and established Christianity in South India. (Sharan, n.d.) Traditions related to Thomas are found not only in India but also other countries of the orient such as Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Brazil, and Mexico. (Merrilat, 1977) This shows that many oriental countries have constructed their own myths concerning the arrival of St. Thomas to their land and introducing Christianity. Therefore, there is need for strong evidences to accept the belief that St. Thomas actually lived and died in India. Recently, a controversy has been created when the pope Benedict XVI suggested that St. Thomas had come to Western India. Implicitly, this statement has negated the assumption that the apostle had come to South India. (Pope denies, n.d.)   This statement also shows that the pope accepts the fact that St. Thomas had stayed in India although this statement has hurt the sentiments of the Christians of Kerala who strongly believe that St. Thomas had come to the Malabar region in the 1st century AD. (Pope denies, n.d.) The statement of the pope also shows that the apostle had actually come to North India and not to South India. This statement has been used by the scholars to suggest that St. Thomas had never stayed in India. The scholars, who refused to accept that St. Thomas had visited the present India, argue that he had actually visited the regions of Pakistan. (Pope denies, n.d.) This statement cannot be accepted because as already mentioned, there are many evidences showing that St. Thomas had actually lived in some parts of India. Most of the predecessors of the present pope had accepted that St. Thomas was an apostle of India. (Pope denies, n.d.) The church sources do not deny that St. Thomas had lived in India. The debate is regarding whether the apostle had stayed in North India or in South India. Already it has been mentioned that works such as Gospel of St. Thomas and Act of Thomas refer to the work of St. Thomas in India. The statement made by the pope has created controversy among the Christians of Kerala as a few churches in the region are dedicated to the memory of St. Thomas. (Pope denies, n.d.) In conclusion, there are sufficient evidences ancient, medieval, and modern to suggest that St. Thomas had actually lived and died in India. During the first phase of his stay in India he worked in Western India with the king Gondaphares. During the second phase, he visited South India and spread Christianity in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The saint’s tomb can be found in Mylapore although later his remains were taken to Turkey and eventually to Rome. Thus, he lived both in North India as well as South India. The books such Gospel of St. Thomas and Act of Thomas describe the various events related to the life of St. Thomas when he stayed in India. Therefore, there are solid evidences to assert that St. Thomas lived and died in India. References Gjorgjievski, B.T. (2001). On the Gospel of Thomas. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://darktreasures.com/Strangelore/Stuff/on-thomas.pdf Jesuvera. (2006). Feast of St. Thomas – Apostle to India. Konkani Catholics Blog. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://www.konkanicatholics.com/ Medlycott, A.E. (n.d.). India and the Apostle Thomas. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/chap4/chapter4b.htm Merrilat, H.C. (1997). The Gnostic Apostle Thomas. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://members.aol.com/didymus5/intro.html Ninnan, M.M. (n.d.). Story of St. Thomas Apostle and St. Thomas Churches of India A Short History. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from the web site: http://www.acns.com/~mm9n/marthoma/marthoma.htm Pope denies St. Thomas came to South India. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://www.hamsa.org/index.htm Sharan, I. (n.d.). The myth of St. Thomas and the Mylapore Shiva temple. Retrieved April 10, 2007, from the web site: http://www.hamsa.org/01.htm