Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Example for Free

corpulency Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay employ the Center for Writing Excellence and MyFoundationsLab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. Topic sentence Obesity has a heavyset impact in the behavior of a baby. Informal outline1. Explain how obesity affects the childs physical health. 2. Explain how obesity affects the childs mental health. 3. Give ideas of how parents can be involved in the change of habits in the obese child. 5. Summarize why obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child.Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child, physically, and mentally as well. An obese child is at risk of having health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and strokes as an adult, if he or she is not treated in an early age. An overweight child can be a target for blusterous at school, making his or her social life poor, creating anxiety, depression, and lowering their self esteem.The parents pla y an important role in the life of an obese child. does not bailiwick if the child is obese because a genetic factor, or just because his or her does not have a proper eating habit, the condition it is treatable. Encourage the child to follow a healthy diet, being an example for him or her, and being supportive, are examples of how a parent can be involve in the life of an obese child. Taking obesity in a child seriously, and trying to find ways to improve this condition, are the first steps to a purify future in an obese childs life.

Alien Rhyming Poem Essay Example for Free

Alien Rhyming Poem EssayIll even do the rhyming thing, I guess. Firstly, I should tell you of our species But keep in mind, were very different beings Our social status is decided by blood. Some were brightly colored, others were ilk mud. Not of whom we are from descended from, We had no family, no dad, or mum. We are assigned a caretaker from birth, Not of Troll descent, for what its worth. Theyre assigned an animal, c every(prenominal)ed a lusus, I, was a special case. One that caused a fuss. I had candy red blood. I was a mutant. And most trolls, considered me a pollutant.I was left for dead as a baby grub, It was quite an intentional snub. I would afford died that first night, cold and lonesome, If it werent for one troll, who was wholesome. No troll had ever cared for a young one, Let alone raise it, was their son. She was an adult, in green attire, And the olfactory perception on her face, made her seem quite dire. disrespect her outwardly appearance She taught me the meaning of adherence. Our species is natur in ally hostile, And going this, made me feel quite vile. I detested all of my species needless strife, The type that nearly ended my life. The hierarchical system is cruel,Leaving it to chance if you serve or rule. The lowest color on the hemospectrum, Were the bronze-bloods, all of which were thought as scum They were lucky to live through their childhood, And they were blessed if they were understood. The second of blood colors was yellow, These poor souls were forced to live in the ghetto. And if they could not afford to live there, They were sold to slavery, and none would care. Up next was olive, jade, and then teal, And none of these were really a big deal. After that, cerulean and dark blue, These were the hardest to go steady to. These classes were always struggling for power,It made their general tone, quite sour. The highest of the normal bloods was purple, And out of all of them, they were most verbal. Always making demands, but never amends, However, the aggrievance extends. They considered themselves royalty, Flaunting around all flamboyantly. Near the top, were the violet blooded, And they lived in places that were flooded. They had a mutation which gave them gills, And plenty of impractical frills. And at the top were those with blood like gold, And every single one of them was cold. They like the purple-bloods had gills and frills,But they would kill others just for thrills They ruled over our race with an iron fist, But only one at any time could exist. This made a cruel sort of monarchy One which plunged plunged the lowbloods into poverty. And if you spoke out against the crimes Well it was like stepping into a field of landmines. And if one was seen with my blood hue, Theyd be allowed to kill me. Through, and through. Despite all this, she raised me as a child, And when I learned of this I think I smiled But that was the only blessing I was brought, For the rest of my life, I wish I forgot.I tr aveled the lands, preaching my ideal, I had set out on my quest with a great zeal. I sought to form the views of society, And change all of their impropriety. I taught the values of peace and love, Something that most were afraid to talk of. Not all were too fond of my teachings, They thought of it as worry screeching. But eventually, I gathered a cult. One much to her majestys insult. She sent her best men to find and catch me, I on the other hand, did my best to flee. Eventually they caught me, my disciple too, But in some stroke of luck, the let her through.She went on, spreading word of my Lessons, I hope she went on, to teach her get sessions I, however was not treated so well, They locked me up in their deepest cell. They tortured me for what seemed like forever, They had no mercy for me whatsoever. I screamed with anger that pierced the skies All of my love, had say their goodbyes. The only thing left, was anger and hatred, And in time, all my teachings faded. I could not make a stand for peace and love, For those, my species are unworthy of. And now you know all of my suffering, And why my irons, are still burning.

Brand extension for leveraging brand equity

crack computer address for leveraging blur rightfulness carry file institute mentions ar one of the most everyday strategies for leveraging strike off equity. By entryway spick-and-span yields great dealstairs popular score causes, firms hope that consumers allow respond more than favorably to the new offering, cod to their familiarity with the upraise send, overconfident feelings toward the leaven pock, and positive attribute and non-attribute associations they have with the parent gull.A post is the identity of a specific convergence, service, or business. Brand flank denotes to the corporate activity in which companies bring in new products, new product variants or product changements by leveraging the cross equity of the subsisting parent place.It is believed that compared to launching a new product under a new tick name, chump protractions can increase the efficiency of onward motional efforts, improve access to distribution channels, and redu ce consumers perceived risk of purchasing a product or service (Keller, 2002). another(prenominal) major factor for which Companies prefer to drop scratch lengthiness is lower cost. Introducing a new give away into consumer market can be relatively much higher than introducing new product or product variants under the same brand name. This cost can range above millions of rupees and can not guarantee of any success. So instead of launching entirely a new product, most companies prefer brand extension. Successful examples such as Diet Pepsi and Diet Coke realizeed from the brand franchise of their parent products. Coca- sess introduced six extensions and captured a larger market share than the authorized brand. For example, Cokes extension, Cherry Coke, was successful even without considerable advertisement.On the other hand, the potential of brand extension problems can ranger from failure of the brand or partial failure such as brand Dilution and brand cannibalism. Instead of success, the failed extension might maculate the image and reduce the market share of the parent product. Associations that are unique to the brand, strongly held, and favorably held, are vital for success. However, since the specific associations a consumer holds are babe worry on personal values and individual purchase situations, managers must learn what they are and when they operate. For example in case of new Coke, Coca Cola did not pay attention to what the core brand meant to stand for. It mainly focused on the taste and thought that the taste is the only factor which consumers are feel for. This concept was wrong. Coca cola was unable to identify the attachment of the consumer with the original coke before launching New coke, even though Coca Cola spent a lot of money on conducting research before launching New coke.Brand dilution occurs when consumers loss the original grasp of brand knowledge on their minds and no longer associate the brand with a specific product. Fo r instance, Sunsilk may experience brand dilution by loosing its strong identity of hair thrill and shampoo range by running a number of different categories like mashed potatoes, powdered milk and soups. Too broad varieties of product categories run under same brand can frustrate consumers in thinking which variations of products that actually fit to their perceptions. For Example, too many ranges of Sunsilk shampoo include Sunsilk b lose, pink, white, yoghurt, dandruff can make customers heterogeneous in buying a suitable product which actually fit to their needs. Even though todays consumers are selective in their buying habits and expect innovation, the pragmatism of brand extension success is still low. This is because most of new product extensions are not unique and do not satisfy consumer needs. There are some factors that confidential information to brand dilution. Among those include perception in consumer minds comparing between parent brand and product extension, ai m of familiarity with parent brand, fit take transferred from parent brand to extension and consumers perception to new product. Level of brand loyalty shown by a customer can switch to radical form for brand extension case. When loyalty and level of familiarity with parent brand is high, new product extension failure may greatly diminish trust level to entire brand portfolio. In turn, low familiarity to brand affects low dilution when product failure occurs in new extension.As per archaeozoic research regarding brand extension occupys to brand dilution, Aaker and Keller (1990) found insignificant evidence between unsuccessful brand extension leads to brand dilution. Conversely, in a research Loken and Roedder-John (1993) pointed that inconsistency of product and brand beliefs may lead to brand dilution. Brand dilution and failure of brand can occur when consumer find it difficult to associate the extension with the parent brand, a lack of similarity and familiarity and discrepa ncy between Integrated marketing communication messages.Brand extension is a scheme which most of the companies are using, to minimize risk associated with introducing a entirely new brand and maximize their profits from the new brand. But in some of the cases brand extension fails, and the reason is the weak brand equity of the parent brand that bear upon the success of the brand extension. If the equity of parent brand is strong, brand extension can be successful and vice versa.both Functional and non functional attributes of a brand can harm and eventually dilute the equity of an integrated oriented brand, which means due to the weak brand equity, brand dilution can occur across the parent brand. Such kind of failures of extensions can make customers to create a negative association with the parent brand or even with the brand family. These failures can also agitate and blur the original identity and meaning of a brand even positioning as well.Managers seem to be aware of the da ngers and benefits of extending their brand franchise. Yet the number of failed extensions in the past few years indicates that some refinement in our knowledge of the brand extension process is needed.What factors determine whether or not a brand extension will be successful? The most important factor place by prior research is perceived fit. Consumers respond more favorably if they are able to perceive a fit between the extension and the parent brand and this leads to the success of the brand extension. Conversely, If consumers are unable to perceive a fit between extension and the parent brand, the brand extension might operate a failure and may lead to brand dilution. correspond to Martinez and de Chernatony (2004) brand image has two types the general brand image and the product brand image. According to them there would be no negative impact on general brand image if the brand image is strong. For example, Nike or Sony. Dilution event would be more on product image instead of general brand image. Therefore, mostly the customers would stick to their beliefs about the parent brand with respect to its attributes and feelings. Nevertheless their analyse shows that brand image can be reduce by brand extension, and beliefs and association with the parent brand can also be changed.In developing countries like Pakistan it is even more convenient for multinationals to try brand extensions. The reason is that most of the multinational companies come from developed countries like America, United Kingdom and Japan. Products from these countries enjoy positive country of origin effect in mind of consumers due to their previous track record in foothold of customer satisfaction. This as a way out lowers the amount of money spend over awareness creation and since they already enjoy good market and media presence, therefore more affordable for them to launch brand extensions in Pakistan.For instance, Pakistan Tobacco Company Limited (PTC) which is a part of Britis h American Tobacco who dish outs their brands to millions of consumers in 180 countries worldwide. They were the foremost brands entering Pakistan as early as 1947. Ever since then they have launched new reputed brand extensions such as Benson Hedges, Embassy, Gold Flake, Gold Leaf and recently Capstan brand of cigarettes (Business recorder.com).STATEMENT OF THE fussThe failure rates of new product over the last few decades have increased tremendously therefore, firms have resorted to brand extensions, because of inherent advantages including its acceptability, low promotion cost and comparatively lesser degree of failures. Despite these advantages, the failure rate of brand extension has remained significant in the last one decade. Therefore, the researchers have been think in identifying the factors that consumers use for evaluating the brand extension, or the factors that are contributes towards the success or failure of brand extensions. The focus of this study is to identif y whether the brand extension is approbative or lead to brand dilution.Researches on brand extensions have focused mainly over consumer evaluation of brand extensions. However as a field of fact consumers generally cannot assess brand extensions in undifferentiated manner (Aaker and Keller, 1990, Keller and Aaker, 1992 Dacin and Smith, 1994 Smith and Andres, 1995). In spite of the extensive body of knowledge on consumer evaluations of brand extensions, very little or negligible attention has been paid as to what is brand or marketing managers view point over brand extensions dodge ( Nijssen and Agustin, 1999). The lack of brand managers view point input in the literature is odd as their analysis of consumer and competitors reactions coupled with their personal preferences are a pretty good indicator of success of a brand extension strategy. Therefore along with consumers perception about brand extension, viewpoint of brand managers of couple of companies will also be considered i n this thesis.Over the past couple of decades we have witnessed a great number of companies both domestic and multinationals engaging in brand extensions in Pakistan. For example a few of the well known domestic brand extensions deals in retailing and fashion (Chen One Pvt Ltd), health care products (Z-Jans Pvt Ltd), Medicam tooth bed covering and Sweetener (Medicam Pvt Ltd Pakistan), Rafhan pudding mix and Custard (Rafhan Best Food Ltd), National Pickel, Salt and Spices (National foods Ltd), Haleeb Milk Pack, Yogurt and Cream (Haleeb Foods Ltd Pakistan). As far as multinationals are relate Nestle and Uniliver Pakistan have carried out most of the brand extensions. For example, Nestle (Mineral Water, Milk Pack, Cream Yogurt), Uniliver has brand extensions (Lifebuoy Shampoo Soap, Express Surf, Colgate toothpaste, Walls Ice-cream). In this relation a study of brand extensions from brand managers perspective is important to find out successful practices which are prerequisites for a brand extension in Pakistan.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe importation of this thesis is to explore the use of brand extension strategies in the Pakistan context. Whether the strategy of brand extension is favorable or not, or due to brand extension, brands gets diluted or cannibalized? Since brand extensions is one of the most popular strategies for leveraging brand equity, this study will also focus on brand extension effect on brand equity.This thesis will focus on brand extension strategies of products from various companies which include Z-Jans Pvt Ltd, Haleeb Foods Ltd Pakistan, Servis Shoes, Lakson Group, and Chen one, Nestle, Sunsilk, Pakola and Fair Lovely. Various companies insights regarding brand extension will help us to study favorability or unfavorability of brand extension in a well manner.We will try to achieve this purpose by answering the following research questions.Brand extension is more practiced than launching new products with respect to customers know ho w about the parent brand.Brand extension is beneficial in Terms of Consumer Knowledge and Consumer Trust about the quality and association of Parent brand?Brand extension is beneficial in terms of refreshing Parent brand.Brand extension can result in dilution of Parent Brand.Brand extension can lower the credibility of Parent Brand.Brand extension can result in cannibalization of Parent Brand SalesBrand extension can be a disaster and may lead to brand dilution if extension is not fit (Similarity and consistency) as per the concept of Parent brand.Moderating factors like brand quality, customer know how, customer certainty and brand equity affect brand extension?By answering above question, we will come to know whether brand extension is favorable or it leads to brand dilution, and whether brand extension is favorable for those companies who prefer extension and are involved in brand extension from couple of decades. This thesis will be beneficial in indentifying the success rate or failure rate of brand extension of those companies which have been chosen for this thesis.SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONThe study is carried out from a viewpoint of brand extension in our home country (Pakistan). The research conducted for this thesis is based on limited and chosen product category and Another constraint confronted during the course of research was the fact that majority of multinationals (MNEs) formulate brand extension strategies at their head quarters abroad. Finally, it was learnt that since the concept of brand manager in Pakistan is in infancy stages therefore normally it is the marketing manager who carries out the responsibilities of brand manager when it comes to brand extensions.DEFINITIONSBrandAccording to (American Marketing Association 2007 brand is A name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition.Brand extensionUsin g an established name of one product class for entering another product class (Aaker 1991). Using a successful brand name for launching a new or modified product or line is known as brand extension strategy (Kotler 1991). An expansion strategy in which firms use already established and successful brand name for introducing a new or modified product (Kotler Armstrong 1990). Using an established brand name for introducing a new product into product category which is new to the company is known as franchise strategy (Hartman Price Duncan 1990).Product grapevine ExtensionA product line extension is the use of an established products brand name for a new item in the same product category.Line Extensions takes place when a company stretches its product line and introduces extra items in the same product category under the same brand name for example new nips, forms, colors, added ingredients, package sizes. This is a little different from brand extension in which a new product is intr oduced in an entirely new category, While Line extension occurs when the company increases its product line outside its current chain. Product line can also be stretched as down market stretch and up market stretch.Brand DilutionBrand dilution is the subverting of a brand though its overutilization. This often happens when brand extension is done poorly. Price undercut can also bring a brand down and can damage the brand, even though it increases the volume of the product. Brand dilution can be a severe headache for companies that rely mostly on their strong brand for higher profits. Companies who possess strong brand image wishes to leverage its equity to sell and earn as much profit as they can, but the same strategy to leverage a brand equity can also lead to damage a brand name and eventually result in brand dilution.Brand CannibalizationBrand cannibalization pertains to a decrease in volume, revenue of sale and diminution of market share of a product which results from the in troduction of new products by the same producer. For example, when diet coke was introduced by Coca Cola, sales for original coke diminished, but eventually it led in expansion of diet soft drink market.Brand EquityBrand equity is a kin between customers and brands, resulting in a profit to be realized at a future date (Wood 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (1996) were of the opinion that measuring brand equity is a tedious job. Nevertheless, a powerful brand means high brand equity that helps in achieving higher brand loyalty, name awareness, perceived quality, and strong brand associations. Some of the major benefits of brand equity are brand awareness and consumer loyalty which helps in reducing marketing costs. Brand is an important equity therefore, it should be carefully preserved by adopting strategies that would help in maintaining or improving brand awareness, perceived brand quality and positive associations. (Kotler Armstrong 1996)Brand AssociationBrand association refers to level by which a brand is recognized by a consumer in a deep manner. If a brand is deep place in the mind of the consumer in a positive manner, it will be recognized positively. Brand associations are the properties of a brand which consumers recall whenever brand is talked about. Consumer relates a brand name with its implicit or explicit meanings. Brand association can also be termed as the level to which a specific product/service is acknowledged amongst its product or service family. When choosing a brand name, it is important that the name selected must reinforce an essential dimensions and specification or benefit association that forms the position of a product.

Jack Kerouac and the Beat Generation

Jack Kerouac and the escape GenerationIntroductionJack Kerouac was responsible for spawning the literary movement that became known as the fetch Generation, a movement non solely significant to literature, but sensation which incorporated music and visual art to chart a personal progression. Kerouac was the leader of a literary movement and a way of life he thought was a passing fad.The basic char routineeristics of castigate are defined in Kerouacs 1957 sweet On the Road, a text which was to become a virtual gospel for the Beat Generation. As the originator of this commandment, Kerouac became known as the King of the shell. His re movement to this title is documented in an article printed in Playboy, The ancestors of the Beat Generation (Journal of Beat Poet Holmes rec in alls friendship, death of Jack Kerouac).The term cram has a range of meanings, affording novices of Beat penning a rich array of ambiguities for their textual analyses. As an adjective, it was most fam ously defined by Allen Ginsberg, a member of Kerouacs close knit group, as exhausted, at the bottom of the realism, looking up or forbidden, sleepless, wide-eyed, perceptive, rejected by society, on your own, streetwise, while the vocalise discombobulate was originally utilise as a musical term by post-World War II musicians in mentionence to an individual or tune that was exhausted or lowbeat.At the time, America herself was beat- the country had emerged from the 1930s disaster of economic depression notwithstanding to find itself entangled in World War II, and having to deal with threats from the reds and the ominous propositions of McCarthyism. In one striking blow to Kerouac and other Bohemians, a definite link between smoking and lung cancer was confirmed in 1953. Kerouacs audience was a disenchanted, self just population, an unguided generation with no clear direction or idea of what they wanted form life and too tycoonless and world-weary to go erupt in search of t he meaning of their existence. Such referees found refreshment and salvation in Kerouacs self-declared confusion, embodied most apparently in his definitive fresh- On the Road.Kerouacs style, akin all of the Beat writers, is defined simply and very well-heeled to recognize. The Beat Generation saw themselves on a quest for beauty and truth, allying themselves with mysticism. The achievements themselves were to be streams of consciousness written down spontaneously and not to be altered or edited Kerouac himself simply stated, if you change it the gig is shot. Poets and novelists of the Beat Generation labeled Kerouac the embodiment of Beat and hailed him as leader of the movement, the King term is perhaps more carefully chosen than it appears, patriarchally loaded as it is. Other well-known authors of the Beat Generation include Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, William S. Burroughs, and Ken Kesey. 1. Kerouacs Spontaneity and the Beats.While the title implies supreme spont aneity, Kerouac was never quite as deliberately spontaneous as his legend has insisted. His intend was to create a giant epic in the tradition of Balzac and Proust, but he never managed to determine a literary technique capable of conjoin the separate books of his Duluoz chronology into a coherent whole, even if he tried. Ann Charters is the voice behind much of the critical discussion of Kerouacs overwhelming legend-making aspiration,He couldnt come up with any literary technique to help him fit all the volumes of the Duluoz Legend into one continuous tale. All he could think of was to change the names in the various books back to their original forms, hoping that this single stroke would give sufficient unity to the disparate books, magically making them fit more smoothly into their bigger context as the Duluoz (Kerouac the Louse) LegendHe wanted the books reissued in a uniform edition to make the larger design unmistakeable.To claim that each individual novel is insufficient wi thout integration into the larger context of the legend assumes a very conventional definition of legend. Not only is it linear and coherently chronological, it is besides confine by the rules of time that govern reality. Of course there is no real reason why this should be so. Kerouacs beats create permanent and timeless impressions, and utter(a) one shots like Nature herself- the beat ordain go on if it is not bound by temporality or rationality, but, like a true legend, circulates and permeates the planetary consciousness all the time, for all time. A legend can, after all, be many things an unauthenticated story from ancient times an allegorical tale of obvious enlargement or fallacy simple fame an explanation accompanying an image or map- and, in music, a composition capable of relating a story- even without words.Charters criticisms fall outdoor(a) rapidly. Kerouacs institute easily adheres to each of these versions of the term legend, as if he is unconsciously sensit ive to the subtle multiplicity of the word, and feels obliged to fulfil the words promise. His work is carefully designed, indeed, he was preoccupied by the notion of design- the pre-styling of the let off-styling- and perhaps not, then, the carefree and careless King of Beats.The assumption of wild abandon seems to arise from misunderstandings of the term free prose. The free to which Kerouac refers does not, in any way, signify a relinquishing of control. It is, however, rather like Wordsworths spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling, which creates an impression of experimentation but in reality represents a highly contrived artifice to contain the exuberance of natural speech. Associating Kerouacs event diction with what he has called, the unfulfilled linguistic intentions of the British Lake poets, Tytell asserts that Kerouac sought a diction compatible with the natural and irrepressible flow of any uncontrollable involuntary thoughts that he had to release.While Kerouac cl proterozoic hoped that his Spontaneous bop prosody would turn over American literature, just as Joyce had revolutionized English prose, spontaneous bop has musical implications far more than literary ones. Kerouac and the other Beat writers listened to music as they worked, and bop surely applies to the jazz which accompanied their writing, more than anything the music of Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Thelonius Monk.In many ways Kerouacs literary technique is structured on a model of Jazz riffs- the impulse for two being to perfect a deliberate style that does not look deliberate, something which systematically generates an impression of spontaneity. Albert Murray has defined a jazz riff as,a brief musical phrase that is repeated, sometimes with very subtle variations, over the length of a stanza as a chordal pattern follows its normal progressionRiffs always seem spontaneous as if they were improvised in the heat of the performance. So much so that riffing is sometimes se en as synonymous with improvisationnot only are riffs as much a part of the same arrangements and orchestrations as the lead melody, but many inhabit of nothing more than stock phrases, quotations from the same familiar melody, or even clichs that just happen to be popular at the moment.Such is the technical foul improvisation of Kerouacs prose. Despite his declared disinterest in music, Kerouacs writing evidences a profound identification of the creation of music with that of literary whole flora. As he states in his Paris Review interviewAs for my regular English verse, I knocked it off fast just as a musician has to get out, a jazz musician, his statement within a current number of bars, and later likens the writers craft to that of the hornplayer,I formulated the theory of breath as measure, in prose and in verse, never brainpower what Olson, Charles Olson says, I formulated that theory in 1953 at the request of Burroughs and Ginsberg. Then theres the raciness and freedom a nd humour of jazz.In Kerouacs own terms, then, the beat follows the phrasing of the jazz model. In his theory of breath as measure he reveals his acute attention to the prison term- elsewhere denounced- and even acknowledges the control of cadence. His contemporary critics once in a while saw musical rhythm in Kerouac Tallman found a version of sentimental thirties music in The Town and the City, where melody rather than a storyline, controls the work. On the Road, however, demonstrates a departure into bebop, Where the sounds become BIFF, BOFF, BLIP, BLEEP, BOP, BEEP, CLINCK, ZOWIE Sounds break up. And are replaced by other sounds. The journey is NOW. The narrative is a humpty dumpty heap. Such is the condition of NOW.Its unachievable to avoid the philosophical and religious implications of this kind of anti-chronology. Just as music appears endless, repeatable, circular and circuitous, such is the freedom of writing unshackled to narrative.In Kerouacs novel, Big Sur, the cente r appears to be that since Nature is a part of the self, and to fear it is to fear oneself. The two meanings of Nature become one human nature is animalistic, and this novel is cautionary to the cessation that it shows the dangers of failing to acknowledge this.Kerouacs nature/Nature synthesis represents the essence of his Buddhistic sympathies, and this in turn relates to the literary theme of tracing a path. It is hard not to read this author without conflating the mystical with post-modern work on impasses, such as Derridas aporia, and the star that however far we go we can never escape our selves. It recalls the Buddhist expression, Wherever you go, there you are.I am beginning to see a vast Divine Comedy of my own based on Buddha-on a envisage I had that people are racing up and the Buddha mountain, is all, and inside the Cave of Reality.The immediacy of his writing adds to the sense of guru-like mysticism in Kerouacs work his work spills out like revelations, if not beats, we certainly get the sensation that he is King of something. The work responds to deconstructive literary theory because of its very currency- it has almost completely evaded the conventional requisition and hierarchy of speech and writing.My work comprises one vast book like Prousts except that my remembrances are written on the run instead of afterwards in a sick bed.Criticism is forced to be perpetually lagging behind the designs and dictates of the author, whilst the works speech is seen as a simple means towards a referential end. Language is thereby devalued to the status of an instrument.Barthess statement, it is only done the function of the author as the possessor of meaning that textual reality is do obeisant to extra textual reality is almost the antithesis of Kerouac. Kerouacs restoration program also depends on the authors willingness to disappear slightly and conduct meaning, but uniquely, Kerouac demands that the hierarchy of the textual and extra-textual be fla ttened. Not only this, but that the direction of realist discourse be inverted. As Barthes describes it,the author is always supposed to go from signified to signifier, from passion to expressionthe critic goes in the other directionthe master of meaningis a divine attributefrom the signified towards the signifier.Clearly Kerouac does not begin with the apparent and source its cause. He is the archetypal author, travelling from a source within himself a passion- towards a grand confection of layered expressive analogies. This critic is not working(a) as an unseen evangelist of truth-in-nature, but uses nature as a space to unveil meaning, that is, to work from the signifier of the word, to the signified of the writing, like a puma signing his own name on the canvas. In fact, Kerouac is suspended between the conditions of observer and recorder. The recorders self is neither ejected nor declared in his writings, but rather encrypted- both in and as the writing. This partly explains the fascination that encrypted and marginalized author figures hold for Kerouac.His own experience of suspension and estrangement from easy linguistic categorisation, and from the body of conventional society, is unconsciously articulated in all Kerouacs writings. The very potent agency of unconscious in itself is of course another natural tie, binding this writer to the natural world. When, in Big Sur, he talks of the meandering river/path leading into/out of the picture, he is describing the same path into and out of meaning which he himself treads. As a fugitive of consciousness, he travels from work to signifier -in the sense of both meaning, and of the artist, the maker of meaning, and his conclusions merge meaning and its maker into a single signifier. As an author, Kerouac functions as a human conduit to bring external reality to textual reality- and is guided in this venture by the original source, the world outside. All this is reinforced, and microcosmically present, in K erouacs easy fluctuation into and out of the page, into and out of the rythm- all of which implies a certain arbitrariness of the page. This is not carelessness, but merely the flip-side of significance. It simply doesnt matter to Kerouac whether a symbol works in one direction or another, the importance is the motion- the action- itself.This is particularly spare in the repeated jazz references in On the Road. The musical semblance for temporal progression is made explicit as Kerouacs fundamental modus operandi. When he describes his unique philosophy of composition, blow as deep as you want to blow, it seems he imagines the writer as a kind of horn-player. He attaches his methodology to a rationale for his bizarre habits of punctuation, Method. No periods separating sentence-structures already arbitrarily riddled with false colons and irresolute usually needless commas- but the vigorous space dash separating rhetorical breathing (as jazz musicians drawing breath between outblow n phrases)The words occurring between dashes correspond linguistic entities unaligned with the conventional subject-verb arrangement of English sentences. These linguistic configurations appear to obey a different notion of time to the real world, with its real language. Traditionally, a sentence fixes time by acting as a frame for the past-present-future sequence. The conventional sentence does not allow the motion, flash, and fluctuation of Kerouacs writing ambition. In this way, the musical comparison enables Kerouac to construct a notion of time outside of the temporal constriction of conventional literature. His work is less poetic, non-linear, and dislocated. A phrase need not refer to the outside world, for it can now begin and end with reference only to its own rhythm- a truly poetic quality, measured pauses which are the essentials of our speech-divisions of the sounds we hear-time and how to note it down (William Carlos Williams). So Kerouacs prose is measured with breat h, and timing holds the key to its rendition. As he describes the process,Time being of the essence in the purity of speech, sketching language is un sticked flow from the mind of personal secret idea-wrds, blowing (as per jazz musician) on subject of imageOn the Road is an attempt to solve the time/space problems Kerouac is troubled by, but his triumph is always qualified by what we might term psychoanalytic obstacles. However much he attempts to overrule the order of cause and effect, past and present, this author must(prenominal) remain subject to the government of his own past. His repeated attempts to perfect the form contradict the effort itself, of course- and this is Kerouacs paradox. The more he writes, the more he develops, and the more evident the writers evolution, the more it relates to a chronological dynamic. In the same way that labouring spontaneity foregrounds the labour, and consequently the authors hand, aspiring to defeat timeliness through constructing a ser ial of books over years only betrays his inescapable mortality, tying him inextricably to the outside world in spite of himself.The writing brings to mind the words of art critic, Michael fry, whose dread around the visually present world is everywhere present in his work,a means of evoking an experience of journeying corporeally through space as unconnected to merely viewing a world present to eyesight but fundamentally out of reach.It is clear that Kerouacs work is a melancholic writing of explanation i the most literal sense his books create chimeras of invisible historical figures, and in so doing evoke their absence- an absence which inevitably feeds his unfalsifiable claims, and, unfortunately for Kerouac, the claims of unfalsifiability made against him.2. The Beat and the OriginThe life of every Beat Writer is characterized by a prolonged mental crisis that is finally resolved by means of a choppy vision or insightJames T. Jones, in his book Jack Kerouacs Dulouz Legend The Mythic Form of an Autobiographical Fiction, argues forcefully for an Oedipal analysis of Kerouacs work. Grouping the Kerouac texts in the Freudian context, particularly the Oedipus myth, Jones reflects on ways in which Kerouacs depiction of family relationships and by extension, relationships in his personal life and as fictionalized in his prose may be explained through Freud. His look extends to the enduring relationship between Kerouac and his mother, the residual rivalry with his father, sibling rivalry with his older deceased brother Gerard, and eventually a succession of potent colleagues. Big Surs alcohol-induced nervous breakdown is perceived as being induced by or symptomatic of his catastrophic attachment to his mother and obsession with the psychic tensions induced by the Oedipal family struggle.As Jones writes, Jack Dulouz , suffering from the effects of chronic alcoholism and sensing an impending nervous breakdown, seeks refuge at the oceanside cabinunfortunatel y, like the woodlet of the Eumenides in Oedipus at Colonus, it is full of reminders of both the cause of his misery and the fate that awaits him,The oedipal signifier works in two directions, then, standing outside of time. The Origin supplied by the grove recalls the past and anticipates the future. A visit to the canon in which the breakdown took place, its rumbling surf and endless brook which babbles with vital noise, and the yawning canyon recall Kerouacs hometown of Lowell. We are reminded of the grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, and the bridge across the Merrimack River there. Since Kerouac was introduced to it by his brother Gerard, the site, with its awesome mystical potency, is described with passion. The sounds seem to express, yet barely contain, the power of the place as the river water cascades over the long weir, traffic roars in the background. All this combined with the anthropomorphically cragged vista of the grotto itself creates a sense of almost unbearably powerfu l otherness, an origin in nature now frighteningly alien to the human soul.Kerouacs realism in Big Sur may be summarised as the doomed ambition to structure unworkable desire. The labour of the carefully constructed Beat pattern is present in the background, as a build of displaced metaphor for the mental and physical effort of writing. Thus Kerouacs Beat takes the anti-mimetic definition of realism one step further- since writing does not have to relate to what it depicts, it will resist immediacy, but relate in specific and indirect ways to the authors private life. In many ways, Kerouacs enterprise resembles that of a visual artist at least as much as an aural or literary construction. Courbets paintings, for example, operate in a very similar way to Kerouacs works. They share this meta-symbolism, with particular interest in representing origins as water, or indeed as female genitalia- and also aspire to an impossible merging with lost roots. In Courbets art the impossible merg er is one of body and work for Kerouac it is the artifice of language and the unruly inevitability of the natural- taking him as close as anything ever can to his father. An erotics of the word and image is then inevitable, and Kerouac finds one fully-formulated and ready to use, in Freudian psychoanalysis.While studies on Courbet resituate sexual difference within the (male) painter-beholder, rather than between him and his representations, Jack Kerouac does something subtly different. Through its emphasis on the writing/experiencing incommensurability, Kerouac resituates sexual difference within the (male) writer/reader rather than between the artist and their work. The authorial voice is only ostensibly the source of psychoanalytic narrative- in fact the same narrative can be sourced through theoretical channels (backwards into the page) to the writer, and, if we believe him, to the reader too. It grew exceedingly hot and strangeWe were going though swamps and alongside the road at ragged intervals strange Mexicans in tattered rags walked along with machetes hanging from their dress circle belts, and some of them cut at the bushes. They all stopped to watch us without expression. Through the tangled bush we occasionally saw thatched huts with African-like bamboo walls, just stick huts. impertinent young girls, dark as the moon, stared from mysterious verdant doorways,Psychoanalysis corroborates Kerouacs general preoccupation with the fantasy of extraction, in the case of Big Sur, the origination as personified in the figure of the father. In this imagery from On the Road, the dark girls are linked to the moon, loaded words like thatch and bush are always used alongside machetes and eery expressionlessness. Reading Kerouac like a goya painting or a poem, we can easily recognise the guilty violence involved. Kerouacs unedited fainting reveals his sense of alienation, as the girls who are so strange are like the moon- nature is female- irresistible, unfath omable, untouchable. The horizontal thatch or low bush of the women is disrupted by the weapons and interference of the vertical agent of the male machetes. The interference in the body of water is the same- or at least, linguistically symmetrical- to the interference on reality that the act of writing always engenders. If female bodies and contrived spontaneity are references to the origin and the unconscious ambition to merge with the origin then any discreet writing surface is fetishised as an oedipal object of impossible desire, always disrupted, interfered with and disfigured by the very desire that defines it.Kerouacs Freudian desire to merge with the source must disturb the way he perceives himself. In fact, it illustrates and literally reflects the way in which we, as readers, percieve ourselves in so far as we are reflections of our origins- how it is only through overthrow that we can become aware of the source. If any reflection were perfect, with no material interferen ce, we would have no way of knowing that it was a reflection. Kerouacs tireless autobiography tramp is not only a non-narcissistic event, but an entirely natural one. In Hegels Aesthetics such self-portraiture is established as a primal impulse of self-identification. correspond to Hegel, for man to become self-conscious he must first represent himself to himself, and second,man brings himself before himself by practical activitythis aim he achieves by altering external things whereon he impresses the seal of his inner being and in which he now finds again his own characteristics. Man does thisto strip the external world of its inflexible foreignness and to enjoy the shape of things only an external realization of himself.Hegel goes on to describe a childs impulse to throw stones into a river there is no reflection involved, none of the self-annihilating narcissism of passive desiring seeing, but a declared primacy of action over seeing. Kerouac is invoked by Hegels wording, the c ontinuity between ordinary action and the action of producing works of art is already implied by the image of the drawing of circles in the surface of the water.These circles are inscriptions of objects on flat planes that require a certain maturity of consciousness to interpret as the effects of a (manual) cause. Here, Kerouacs dormant reference to, and defence of, his own ideal situation as a realist author is very evident. In a later paragraph from Fried the message that the self is best quietly discovered through displaced descriptive action is completely inescapable, the effacement of the very conditions of resemblance (the breaking of the mirror-surface of the river) also means that the boys relation to the spreading circles in the water might be described in Flaubertian language as present everywhere but visible nowhere.A sentiment repeated in Kerouacs poetry, which breaks the reflective power of water by introducing the contrasting instalment of heat and dryness,Describe fi res in riverbottom sand, and the cooking the cooking of hot dogs spitted in whittled sticks over flames of woodfire with grease dropping in smoke to brown and blacken the engaging hotdogs, and the wine, and the work on the railroad.The desire to identify with the origin, whether through disturbing the water, impersonating the father, or labouring to represent oneself to oneself, may always end in action, but it is only ever the action of wrenching open the facture of desire. The impulse to create will always be driven by a lack, and Kerouac is most conventionally Realist when he recognises this. Kerouac, after all, is aiming to reorganise an imbalance of power, and to characterise a sense of the monadic other.Philosophically, Kerouacs work is incredibly resistant to the Other, to the point that he scarcely needs the previous of an audience. In spite of his evident veneration of the Natural, the world beyond that of writing/reading is so unbearable that Fried has trouble imagining it, levelling the differences between interiors and exteriors and converting all mimetic imagery into narratives of action or narratives of material surfaces to be read. To the extent that it is a self-sufficient sign-system (and I am arguing it is far more than this) Kerouacs work evacuates the reader and effectively reads itself. It fits Derridas conception of autobiography,My written communication mustremain legible despite the absolute disappearance of every determined addresseefor it to function as writingto be legible. It must be repeatable, iterable, in the absolute absence of the addressee Again, this supported by the assertions of one anonymous online Kerouac archivist,Almost everything he wrote was autobiographical. Like doubting Thomas Wolfe, he saw writing as identical with introspection. The word fiction does not really describe his work. It was more like self-directed psychoanalysis, except that his lookout man was more religous and tragic than psychological. His book s are crowded with his friends, lightly disguised behind new names. Allen Ginsberg, for instance, appears variously as Carlo Marx, Adam Moorad, Irwin Garden, Leon Levinsky and Alvah Goldbrook. Late in his life, Kerouac even considered issue a unified edition of all his works, with all the characters representing himself appearing under a single name, Jack Duluoz (French for Jack the Louse).This homogenising impulse, the need to resist difference and compound everything, drives the rhetorical case which Kerouac makes in an attempt to show that outdoor scenes are actually the same as indoor ones. It is affected spontaneity of language which Fried cites as the connection between the inner and the outer. Indoor and outdoor scenes are treated as having the same character and affect, to the extent that they have a rhythm and no inherent narrative. Kerouacs holistic ambition repeats itself on every level- here the very scene of representation is moulded by the realist theory. The intern ecine and external scenes, like the internal and external levels of a psyche, become one, as they are united in common, necessary pain, of the disfiguring theoretical intervention. Applying psychoanalysis to Kerouac, this does look like an attempt at integration the repressed inner and outer of the psyche, where the first might be characterised as darkness, depth, recession, primordial instinct, and the past, and the second as light, shallowness, presence, and surface agency.Farewell Sur-Didja ever tell him near water meeting water-? O go back to otter- Term-Term-Klerm Kerm-Kurn-Cow-Kow- Cash-Cach-Cluck- Clock-Gomeat sea need be deep I see you Enoch soon anarf in Old Britanny put forward yes. Say yes to the sea. Say yes to chaos. Say yes to eternity. Say yes and let it all go. Go, go to the sea. To the waiting open arms of the sea. You and me you and me the sea. Yes. Let us be. There is light.Reflections are also the assertion of the horizontal. In spite of the violence metaphorica lly wrought, and acknowledged by his writing, Kerouacs work is concerned with empowering the natural within the man. The vigorous negation of comfortable feminine origination in his poetry refuses to allow the implied horizontality of the original sheet of paper to be wholly superseded, and in effect suppressed, by the verticality of the outside world. Psychoanalysis works through poetry subliminally, appealing to the subconscious by encoding itself in visual puns like reflections. 3. Missed Beats Misunderstandings and misnomersIt has been claimed that, for at least one definition of the word, Kerouac was not a Beat at all. Mayer writes,A keen observer rather than a confident insider, Kerouac never really was a member of the Beats though he was among them from the beginning and as a chronicler cast their emergence into prose. When Daniel Belgrad remarks that Kerouac would attend parties only to sit silently in a corner, listening intently to the multiple conversations and noting th em down in his memory, he is in line with a comment by Ginsberg, I guess Kerouac felt more like a private solitary Melvillean minnesinger or something.Subterranean Kerouac, a biography by Ellis Amburn, develops the oedipal theme in his work, referring notably to his dream-fear of homosexuality. Claiming that Kerouac became a homophobic homoerotic by the early nineteen forties, Amburn insists that in the fifties, while an increasing misogyny came to pervade writings like Some of the Dharma, his homophobia was increasing in direct proportion to his homoerotic activity. , a development which might have been facilitated at least partially by Kerouacs worsening dependency on alcohol.Kerouac is known as the king or the speaker of the beat generation and his writings are probably the most widely read works for anyone studding the beat culture, but there is real evidence that he resisted the title of King, particularly the patriarchal overtones. Even in 1952, John Clellon Holmess book Go presents Kerouac as Gene Pasternak, railing against all that free-love stuff, that liberal bohemianism, between friends. Kerouacs 1958 novel The Subterraneans features a narrator whose sexual hang-ups are barely known to him. Ben Giamo has termed the narrators stance in the novel as a curious form of glide slope/avoidance.The authors avatar in The Subterraneans, is French Canadian. His name is Leo Percepied and it has been appropriated for psychoanalysis. Kurt Mayer claims that as his first name is that of Kerouacs father, and his last, literally translates aspierced foot, the characters name is an obvious Oedipal reference. The characters destiny echoes Jacks, as he abandons pretentions to being middle class, and ultimately returns to his mothers house. Jack, of course, always returned to Memre- Gabrielle Kerouac, what Mayer refers to as the only consistent relati

Reaction Time And Energy Drinks

reply clock time And Energy DrinksThis extended essay is an probe into reception cartridge holders in males and distaffs and how they were affected by trigger-happy sloven. The research question was How significant is the reduction in answer measure due to boozing scarlet falsify, in males as comp ared to womanishs betwixt the ages of 16-17.To answer this, a simple examine was carried appear to obtain the necessary information. The convention drop test was conducted victimization a group of 20 subjects (10 male and 10 pistillate).The answer generation of the subjects in front and aft(prenominal)ward drinking ruby-red poop were then maneuverd utilise the results from the pattern drop test and the formula t = (2d /a). The blotto entropy was then analysed using the T-Test to see how significant the difference in reaction time was before and subsequently drinking flushed turd. This revealed that even though reaction generation in males reduced after co nsumption of tearing dirt, the reduction was non significant. Female subjects tryed greater decreases in reaction time after drinking blood-red Bull even though on average their reaction clock were slower than male reaction time. The T-Test showed that in females there was a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Finally the conceive reductions in reaction time for both males and females were compared using the T-test, which revealed that there was a significant difference in male and female reductions in reaction time. This leads to the proof that between the ages of 16-17, Red Bull only significantly reduces reaction time in females and not in males.IntroductionResearch researchHow significant is the reduction in reaction time due to intake of Red Bull, in males as compared to females between the ages of 16-17.It allows you wings this is the slogan for Red Bull, a popular energy drink. The slogan suggests that Red Bull improves ones o verall performance. Reaction time is one of the physical attributes affected by Red Bull. I wanted to investigate Red Bulls effect on reaction time and evaluate whether Red Bull really does rejoin you wings. Reaction time is the time taken to respond to any apt(p) stimulus. The better the reaction time, the less it is. Fast reactions are useful in many situations, for instance avoiding another car whilst driving, transmissible a come to passing glass and even in sport.Previous research into reaction time has found that Males and females generally develop different reaction times with females unfortunately having slower average times. (Der and Deary, 2006).Energy Drinks are beverages that have a boosting or stimulating effect. They are often advertised as performance enhancing, with improvements in alertness and reaction time. Red Bull is probably the most prominent energy drink. The active ingredients in Red Bull include Glucose, taurine, Glucuronolacton, Inosital, Niacin, D -Pantothenol (Vitamin B5), Pyridoxine HCL (Vitamin B6), Vitamin B12 and Caffeine. (Further exposit in appendix ii.). These chemics affect the boles metabolic functions so that overall performance is enhanced.My approach was experimental in which the Ruler Drop Test (Coach, 1997) was used. schemeI surmisale that Red Bull will cause a decrease in reaction time in all subjects. This is due to the ingredients contained in the drink. taurine and caffein are the two ingredients that affect the speed of reaction most. taurine improves nerve transmission this reckons that movements made will be faster. Caffeine boosts epinephrine levels which makes one more alert and thence more likely to respond faster. Thus, I express reaction time to decrease in all subjects. I also hypothesise that the improvements in reaction time will be more significant in females as they generally have a littler body mass meaning that the active ingredients in Red Bull will have more of an effect.Experiment Test character SelectionIt was grave to make incontestable that the results from the experiment were as reliable as possible.To do this I had to choose test subjects (participants in the experiment) who were similar in age, athleticism and how frequently they take energy drinks. I decided to use subjects within the age range of 16-17 as this is the age range with the most people in my naturalize and therefore there was a larger test subject range. I had to keep the ages similar because age was found to have an effect on reaction time. (Gorus et al., 2008) Generally reaction time decreases with age until a certain point where it begins to increase once again. I wanted subjects who were similar in athleticism because people who are more athletic are more likely to have quicker reaction times than non-athletic people. (Levitt and Gutin., 1971) I also needed subjects who didnt take Red Bull as frequently. It was fictive that people who take energy drinks frequently may develop re sistance to its effects.A questionnaire was used to identify the subjects that fit in with these criteria. It was given to 40 people appear of whom 10 males and 10 females were selected using random sampling.Preparation of SubjectsThe test subjects had to be prepared before the experiment to ascertain that it was in fact the Red Bull that was affecting the subjects reaction time and not any other food. The Red Bull was administered an hour after break time. It was assumed that by this time all food (if any) would have been digested. This was important because the Red Bull has to be the only substance ingested prior to the experiment to make sure that the results obtained are from the effects of Red Bull and not any other food substance. Testing took place 10 minutes after consumption to give the active ingredients in the Red Bull enough time to be assimilated.ProcedureThe Ruler Drop Test was carried out using the following manner.A ruler was held so that it was between the index f inger and thumb of the subjects stronger hand. The top of the subjects thumb was kept in line with the zero centimetre line on the ruler. The subject then tried to catch the ruler after it was let go. The distance from the bottom of the ruler to the top of the subjects thumb was recorded. To improve reliability of the results the experiment was restateed again. It would be nearly impossible to manually record the time taken for close toone to catch a dropped ruler because this happens very quickly. So to calculate the time taken (and thus reaction time) the following formula was used.t = (2d /a)This was derived fromd = vt + at 11d is Distance measured in (cm)v is initial velocity which is zeroa is Acceleration due to gravity this a constant value of 981cm/st is Time measured in seconds (s) information CollectionThe tables below show the results from the ruler drop test conducted on 9.7.2010. It shows the distances that the ruler travelled before it was caught by the subjects. The results before and after drinking Red Bull were recorded. The experiment was repeated twice to improve the reliability of the results. streak 1Trial 2MalesFemalesMalesFemalesSubject numberDistance Before swallow Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance later on imbibition Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance Before imbibing Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance After Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance After Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)Distance Before Drinking Red Bull +/-0.05 (cm)1161316996122151415171289359301775174892211851351511181267156127191910711767151198168148171011610976141258121014171410131515Data ProcessingThe raw data was processed to give the tables below. The values in red show anomalies, that is data that is erroneous and/or unexpected, in this case distances increase after pickings Red Bull and Reaction Time increasing after taking Red Bull. These values could be gene regulated by an error in the data collection or an error in the experim ent. They are therefore ignored when considering the significance.The tables below show the calculated reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Reaction times were calculated using the distances obtained from the experiments which were then substituted into the formula. t = (2d /a).The tables also show the difference in reaction time which is the reaction time after drinking Red Bull, subtracted by the reaction time before drinking Red Bull. This was done so that that the improvement in reaction time can be seen. tabularise (1.a) shows the data from the 1st repeat and table (1.b) shows data from the second repeat and Table (2) shows the mean of both repeats. In this table, most of the errors disappear as the mean uses the data from both sets of repeats to show an average or trend.ExamplesCalculating Reaction TimeA subject catches the ruler at 16.0 cm without drinking Red Bull. The subject then catches the ruler at 13.0 cm after drinking Red Bull. The time taken for the sub ject to catch the ruler is worked out like this.Distance before taking Red Bull= 16.0 cmFormula t = (2d /a)So216.0= 3232/981= 0.03262 0.03262= 0.18061Therefore it took the subject 0.18061 seconds to catch the ruler before drinking Red Bull.Distance after taking Red Bull=13.0 cm213.0= 2626/981= 0.026500.02650= 0.16280Therefore it took the subject 0.16280 seconds to catch the ruler after drinking Red Bull.Calculating passage of armsThe subjects Reaction time before drinking Red Bull is 0.18061 seconds and the subjects reaction time after drinking Red Bull is 0.16280 seconds.To visualize the difference the subjects reaction time after drinking Red Bull is subtracted by the Reaction time before drinking Red Bull to give -0.01781.In this example, the calculated difference in reaction time is negative. This shows that after drinking Red Bull, the subjects reaction time improved by -0.01781 seconds.Calculating the recallIn the second repeat of the experiment the subject catches the rul er at 9 cm before drinking Red Bull and then catches the ruler at 6cm after drinking Red Bull. The subject therefore gets these reaction timesBefore drinking Red Bull 0.13546 sseconds.After drinking Red Bull 0.11060 seconds.The mean for reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull can be calculated, using the values from the 1st and 2nd repeats of the experiment.Mean reaction time before drinking Red Bull0.18061 + 0.13546= 0.316070.31607 / 2= 0.158035 secondsMean reaction time after drinking Red Bull0.13546 + 0.11060= 0.246060.24606 / 2= 0.12303 secondsThe mean shows a more reliable value from both repeats.Table (1.a) Table of results from the first trial of the experimentTrial 1MalesFemalesSubject numberReaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)Difference In Reaction Time +/- (s)Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)Difference In Reaction Time (s)10.00580.0052-0.000570.180610.13546-0.0451520.0 0560.0054-0.000190.174870.186170.0112930.00320.00430.00110.247310.18617-0.0611440.00410.00430.000250.211780.14975-0.0620350.00560.0048-0.00080.191570.15641-0.0351560.0050.0038-0.001180.196810.19681070.00350.00380.000280.174870.14975-0.0251280.00540.0041-0.001320.186170.14278-0.0433890.00380.0035-0.000280.168940.15641-0.01253100.00540.00590.000550.168940.14278-0.02616Table (1.b) Table of results from the first trial of the experimentTrial 2MalesFemaleSubject numberReaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)Difference In Reaction Time (s)Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)Difference In Reaction Time (s)10.135460.1106-0.024860.156410.174870.0184620.156410.12771-0.02870.135460.11946-0.01630.119460.10096-0.01850.186170.16894-0.0172240.127710.10096-0.026750.16280.13546-0.0273450.11060.119460.008860.174870.1628-0.0120860.142780.11946-0.023320.149750.11946-0.0302970.135460.12771-0.007750.180610.17487-0.0 057480.149750.1106-0.039150.142780.13546-0.0073390.100960.127710.026750.156410.14975-0.00666100.16280.174870.012080.174870.1628-0.01208Table (2) Table of mean values from trial 1 and trial 2Trial 1 + Trial 22MalesFemalesSubject numberReaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)Difference In Reaction Time (s)Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull (s)Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull (s)10.00510.0044-0.000650.168940.1564120.00530.0048-0.000520.156410.1564130.00350.00380.000280.218880.1777740.00410.0038-0.000260.188890.1427850.00470.0043-0.000350.183410.1596460.00480.0038-0.000970.174870.162870.00390.003900.177770.162880.00510.0038-0.001280.16590.1391790.00350.00380.000280.16280.15312100.00530.00580.000470.171940.15312Data AnalysisThe first step in analysing the data is to compare the reaction times of males and females before and after drinking Red Bull respectively using the mean values from table 2. This is done belowGraph (1.a)The graph ( 1.a) shows the comparison of the mean male reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. The graph shows that generally the blue turn back (Male Reaction Time before Drinking Red Bull) is higher than the red bar (Male Reaction Time After Drinking Red Bull) This suggests that Red Bull generally had the effect of reducing reaction time in males.Red Bull contains Taurine (see appendix ii) Taurine speeds up neural transmission, so nerve impulses are passed along through the nervous system much faster. This means that the time taken for the subjects hand to react to the stimulus (in this case the dropped ruler) is less. Another ingredient that probably affects reaction time most is caffeine. Caffeine blocks adenosine and boosts adrenaline levels. Adrenaline causes the heart rate to increase, the respiratory rate in the lungs to increase and muscle contraction all around the body. These are just some of the effects known as the fight or flight response. The overall effect is that you respond better to stimuli as the body is more alert.T TestThe T-Test shows how significant the statistical difference between two values is. The T-Test determines the P-Value. In Biology the difference between the two values is considered statistically significant if the P value is below 0.05 If it is The Null hypothesis is therefore rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.Null opening There is no significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in Males.Alternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in males.For this T-Test I compared the mean values of reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull for males. I got a P-Value of 0.06626028. This is greater than 0.05 therefore the Null hypothesis has to be accepted.The T-Test suggests that with males, the difference in reaction time after drinking Red Bull is not significant because the P value (0.06626028) is greater than the sta ndard critical value (0.05).Graph (1.b)The graph (1.b) shows the comparison of the mean female reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull. Again, the graph shows that generally the blue bar (Female Reaction Time after Drinking Red Bull) is higher than the red bar (Female Reaction Time Before Drinking Red Bull) This suggests that Red Bull generally had the effect of decreasing reaction time in females. This decrease is again due to the ingredients contained in Red Bull. Both taurine and caffeine affect the subjects system so that the speed of movement and response in increased.T-TestAnother T-Test is carried out to find out how significant the difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in females is.Null Hypothesis There is no significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in Males.Alternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference in reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull in males.For this T-Test I compared the me an values of reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull for females. I got a P-Value of 0.00068587. This is less than 0.05 therefore the zippo hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.The T-Test suggests that the differences in the female reaction time before and after drinking Red Bull are very significant as the P value (0.00068587) is far below the standard critical value of 0.05.The last step in analyzing the data is to compare male and female transfer in reaction times.Graph (2)Graph (2) shows the Comparison of Male and Female reduction in reaction time. The pink plot points show the mean female difference in reaction time whilst the blue plot points show the mean male difference in reaction time. The graph shows that generally mean male reduction in reaction times were much lower than the mean female reduction in reaction time. This suggests that females are affected more by Red Bull. Another observation that can be made from the graph also sh ows that the female data is more varied than the male data. moreover the data that was collected was too small to make any definite conclusions.T-TestA T-Test was carried out to find out how significant the difference in mean male and female difference in reaction time.Null Hypothesis There is no significant difference between mean male and female difference in reaction time.Alternative Hypothesis There is a significant difference between mean male and female difference in reaction time.In this T-Test I compared the mean values of difference in reaction time for both males and females. I got a P-Value of 0.001571698. This is less than 0.05 therefore the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.The T-Test suggests that there is a big significance in the difference between mean male and mean female difference in reaction times because the P value is much lower than the critical value of 0.05.ConclusionIn general, reaction times decrease after drinking R ed Bull in both males and females. Males generally had faster times females. However the T-Test shows that in males this difference is not significant whilst in females, it is quite significant. Further calculations showed that there was a significant difference between the reduction of reaction time in males and females. Females generally had greater reductions in reaction time.The data does not support the first hypothesis, which states that reaction time would decrease in all subjects after the consumption of Red Bull, as there were some instances where the reaction times worsened. These anomalies may have been due to error in the method however, and had no overall significance to the experiment as they were ignored.The data supports the final hypothesis, which states that Red Bull would improve reaction time more significantly in females. The results from the investigation show that females had a more significant reduction in reaction time after drinking Red Bull as compared to males. The reason for females being affected more by Red Bull is, ticktock for pound females have less water in their bodies than men, so their body parts are more exposed to the active ingredients in Red Bull. This leads to the conclusion that between the ages of 16-17, Red Bull only significantly reduces reaction time in females and not in males.EvaluationThere were some aspects of the experimental method that may have reduced the reliability of the data.When the ruler drop test was performed for the second time the subjects instead of improving reaction time as a result of drinking Red Bull may have naturally improved their reaction time through practice. Also the subjects knew that they were drinking Red Bull and that Red Bull is said to improve physical performance including reaction time. This again may have caused them to improve their times naturally through the mental stimulation.There is no actual proof however that improvement in reaction time was due to practice. It is only a speculation. However if the subjects reaction times were improving as a result of practice then this would affect the data as Red Bull would not be the only doer improving reaction time. The best way to reduce the effect of this factor would be to carry out the experiment only once. This would reduce the reliability of the data as a mean of both experiments not would be possible to calculate but at the same time it would improve the reliability of the data as subjects would not be getting better with practice and it would be only the Red Bull affecting the subjects reaction time.I also could have set up another Ruler Drop Test experiment using a different set of subjects but replacing the Red Bull energy drink with a non energetic drink. The subjects however, would be told that they are having another brand of energy drink. This would test the thought of having an energy drink makes the subject expect to perform better and therefore actually improving their reaction time naturally. A second experiment using the same subjects could then be carried out using but using Red Bull. The results of the second experiment could then be compared with the results from the first experiment to further asses the significance improvement in reaction time due to Red Bull.Error Analysis30 cm Ruler (cm)Absolute uncertainty+/- 0.05Percentage Uncertainty %0.25Overall Uncertainty %0.25 extension (i)QuestionnaireHow old are you ____2. How Much Sport do you do?None Wednesday Clubs OnlyBarely Active Participation3. Do You Take Energy Drinks on a regular basis ______4. Are You Willing To Participate in this Experiment_____?Appendix (ii)Active ingredients in Red BullGlucoseGlucose is a sugar. The body uses glucose in respiration to make energy.C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATPGlucose + oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy.Redbull contains 5.25 g of glucose.TaurineTaurine is an amino acid that is usually made in the body. Each can of Red Bull contains 1000mg of Taurine . Taurine helps move minerals like potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium through the cells. This helps to generate nerve impulses therefore making neural transmission faster.GlucuronolactonGlucuronolacton is a chemical similar to taurine. It affects keeping and concentration in the brain. It is known to have effects similar to anti-depressants and stimulants.InositalInosital is a chemical that has a mood boosting effect and it maximises the brains uses of a serotonin a chemical that is found in most anti-depressants.NiacinNiacin is a B vitamin that helps in energy formation. It metabolizes energy from change and carbohydrates. Niacin can help the body use energy by releasing it from food.D-PantothenolD-Pantothenol is also known as vitamin B5, or Pantothenic acid. It is known to improve mood and boost energy. D-Pantothenol help turn fat into energy and increases metabolism.Pyridoxine HCLAlso known as Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine HCL helps red blood cells to form and provides better ox ygen utilization. It also help to break rase sugar that you have stored in your body to use for energy.Vitamin B12B12 helps in the formation of red blood cells, for better oxygen utilization. It also help with energy performance by breaking down fat and protein.CaffeineRed Bull contains 80.0 milligrams of caffeine which is almost double the amount of all other soft drinks. The caffeine in Red Bull gives you energy by blocking a chemical in your brain called adenosine. Adenosine promotes sleepiness and without it you would not be able to fall asleep. When adenosine is blocked you body releases a boost of adrenaline which wakes you up.

Short Story/film Analysis :: essays research papers

Short Story/Film AnalysisAric McDonaldShort Story/Short FilmComm. 411-351130-1245Spring 1997The three short stories are similar because they all involve jealousy. Thistype of jealousy surrounds the main characters who are envious of theachievements or the attention that another(prenominal) man receives. The first story isabout an old man who is taking his wife on a second honeymoon when sheencounters an old suitor, creating jealousy for the husband. In the secondstory, the jealousy surrounds Smurch who is envious of Charles Lindberghs fameand accolades. The jealousy in the final story is the envy of the attentionthat any man with fame can receive from a woman. from each one persons own insecurityallows envy to control their actions and creates trouble in their lives. Thethree stories all have jealousy, in some it is more clear than others. Jealousy conduce ii of the characters to make a fool of themselves, and it cost anothercharacter his life. In the first story, Charley took his wife Lucy on a secondhoneymoon, or flamboyant Honeymoon, as it is titled. While they are in St.Petersburg Fla., Mother was at the doctors office and began a conversation witha lady, only to discover that she is Mrs. Frank M. Hartsell, Lucys ex-fiancee.This made Charley self-conscious because he had rivaled Frank for Lucys hand inmarriage. A story that began as a second honeymoon for Lucy and Charley, becamea jealous contest between two men. This reminds me of the movie, Grumpy Old Men,because of the unofficial mini contests that the two men have with each other.Comparing the film and the book, they were very similar except the sequence ofevents were different. In the story, The Greatest Man In The World, Smurch wasjealous of the fame and accolades of Charles Lindbergh. Only some members ofcongress, the President, and the press knew this information. They felt itwould be a disgrace to the United States if it was known to the public that this solid ground hero was a man with poor u pbringing ,bad manners, and seen as a hooligan.Smurch was not willing to change these traits, so the few officials that knewabout them, pushed him out the windowpane saying that he fell on accident. Thebook and movie had some discrepancies. One was the fuel tanks. In the film,Smurch dropped the tanks almost on top of his crowd, while in the book, he didnot drop them at that site. Another contarst between them was after the landing.In the film Smurch was carried off the plane, while in the book he was carried

Online Communities Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Online Communities A community, according to The Living Webster Encyclopedic Dictionary of the side of meat Language, is a number of persons having common ties or interests and living in the same locality. Apart from the local sense of community, a person can form a community with his or her co- clearers, classmates or even a group of people with common interests. This unity is formed due to the subjects that link all of them together those who work together, study together and have the same common interests. The size of these types of communities pale in comparison to the ones established online. Online communities include chat rooms, instant messenger service and discussion boards (also known as forums). What sets these forms of communication apart from e-mail is that users are free to interact in real time, where the communication occurs without any type of delay. What makes these online communities a lot more appealing, than the ones that are set in the real world, is the anon ymity that the internet offers. Thanks to the anonymity, users are able to community without restraint in forums where they can be entertained, educated and most importantly find a sense of belonging.Online communities work well for several key reasons, the first being that it isnt necessarily discriminatory due to its level of anonymity. Another reason is that it is more accessible for person with handicaps, such as the wheelchair bound or the hearing impaired. surmount is also important instead of going across town to discuss the latest book of the month, readers with access to the web can meet online much more easily and more often. Another reason why online communities may be working so well is because people may feel less affright sinc... ...n. Word of a Free Concert, Next to an Oft-Sold Bridge, Spreads Quickly. The New York Times. 2004. 23 Nov. 2004.Prabhupada, A.C. Bhakitvedanta Swami. Bhagavad-Gita As It Is. Los Angeles Bhakitvedanta Book Trust, 1972. conglomerate Authors . DAFF The Dark Angel Fan Fiction Archive. The Archivists 2000. 23 Nov. 2004. Various Authors. Fan Forum The O.C. Jelsoft Enterprises, 1998-2004. 23 Nov. 2004. Various Authors. Interference.com U2 Feedback (U2 Fans, Zine and More). Jelsoft Enterprises, 2000, 2001. 23 Nov. 2004. Weinberger, David. Small Pieces Loosely Joined A Unified Theory of the Web. Cambridge Perseus Publishing, 2003. 95-97.